<<
>>

psihologizatsija histories in the novel «the Captain grenadierial roty»

In 1878, in some months after end of "the Young emperor» and creation of the socially-psychological story «Russian crusaders», Vs. Nightingales to history of first half XYIII century again has addressed, having written the novel «the Captain grenadierial roty» about events 1740-1741 In the novel are described two revolutions: overthrow of favourite Birona Minihom and Anna Leopoldovny Elizabeth Petrovnoj's deposition.

On supervision of historian A.N.Saharova: «a huge documentary material: an epistolary heritage, texts official reskriptov and manifestos, the memoirs literature, - has thrown Vsevolod Nightingales on scales of the historical truth in this novel. He has created a picture on which it is possible to comprehend with success internal springs of palace revolutions of the beginning 40

391

years ».

the Writer has convincingly shown, that the real power in empire belonged to a small circle of persons, and, actually, all struggle was conducted for the purpose of omnipotence reception, for the purpose of reception of the full unlimited control over destinies of the country. For, as philosopher N.A.Berdjaev marked: «from world creation always the rule, corrects and the minority will correct. It is true for all forms and management types, for a monarchy and for democracy. Whether the question only in that corrects minority the best or [391]
the worst. One minority is replaced by another. That's all. Xóäøèå dethrone the best or the best dethrone the worst» [392] .

In the novel «the Captain grenadierial roty» is described one of rare in history of Russia of cases when the power was received by those whom N.A.Berdjaev could name the "best" people of the country. Therefore quite naturally especial attention Vs. Soloveva to moral questions and occurrence in tendency product (that we already observed on an example «Knjazhny Ostrozhsky») to accurate differentiation of all characters on positive and negative.

Vsevolod Nightingales were analyzed in detail by a psychological warehouse of all of those who could take reins of government to Russia and those motives on which these people aspired to domination over power. As well as in «the young emperor», the novelist has shown, that sovereignty over the country and people bares deep contradictions of human nature.

Inclined to psychological determination of a state policy, Vs. Nightingales reveals the certain universal constants, passing invariable through all epoch and becoming secret springs, driving history. The originality of consideration of history through a psychology prism consists that internal motives of acts of the historical persons made by them under the influence of personal ambitions are found out, passions.

Vs. Nightingales reveals the certain universal motives becoming starting mechanisms of historical events: a vanity and vanity; mentions a question on historical responsibility of politicians for the made. Again usual current of human emotions is transformed to a storm of sinful passions (vanity, arrogance, egoism, contempt for all subordinate etc.). All sides between good and harm disappear, practically completely come to naught all a semitone, and becomes
clear who is worthy the award and kind memory and who - condemnation and a fair penalty.

a novel Plot «the Captain grenadierial roty» as well as the plot of "the Young emperor» developed in several directions.

Such reception has allowed the writer to characterise an epoch and to show all complexity of problems which could be resolved daughters Peter the Great.

To number of unequivocally negative characters of the novel it is necessary to carry kurljandskogo duke Birona about whom the writer has short mentioned in the novel Peter II. However, if in «the young emperor» the duke has been presented only as faceless, but clever housekeeper Anna Ioannovny and was the incidental character, in «the Captain.» Its image has received full disclosing.

Biron under feather Vs. Soloveva is a malicious genius which, in its opinion, it is a lot of in history in general, and in Russian in particular, especially in the top echelons of power. Characterising this grandee, the novelist wrote: «It had no anything the general with kurljandtsem Ernest Ioagannom Bironom, the small attendant at a palace of duchess Anna Ioannovny. He has forgotten, that yet very much for a long time kurljandtsy refused to recognise as its nobleman; now he considered itself(himself) lawful kurljandskim as the duke and the governor of Russian empire. Its life has gone right improbably. It never worked over itself(himself); the nature has given it a beautiful exterior, and one this exterior has led to its such position in which it has appeared now» (With. 206).

the Power and egoism, abundance of all material benefits have shown and have strengthened all negative character traits of the former groom were kurljandskoj duchesses. Vs. Nightingales has opened these transformations into its persons, in details having described external display of its passions and emotions: «Once beautiful and thin, but already grown fat, covered with small wrinkles, the person nervously twitches, its nostrils are inflated, it convulsively compresses fists and, obviously, hardly itself constrains. In rage the regent any more did not know, that speaks, and burred Russian words more and more. It long
went on soft carpets, rejecting hands and feet all subjects stirred to it and not noticing it. Its eyes were poured by blood, the mouth was bent». (With. 205)

Continuing the moral-philosophical reflexions begun in the novel «Young emperor», Vs. Nightingales has shown, that more often from the governmental heights the violence, injustice, insidiousness, a deceit, money-making result. In such conclusion of the writer result not any abstract reflexions about the power nature as that, and the careful reference to the history facts. In image Vs. Soloveva «both the field marshal Mines, and Anton Braunshvejgsky. Both the smart and all-powerful intriguer kantser Osterman - opponents Birona are people low, ambitious, small on the nature» [393] .

Xàðàêòåðíî, that at each of heroes of the novel the logic of thoughts and actions which has so talently transferred Vs. Nightingales through internal monologue of characters. We will result a small fragment from the novel, showing skill solovevskogo psychologism: «JUliana sufficed for a head and felt, that its thoughts stop, that she is ready to go mad of these confused and nothing finding out thoughts. " yes, I will force it to love myself. He should love me. Unless I am not good? Unless I am not clever?. They think, that will play with me. No, I will force it to love me! He will love me, and here then I will remember to it all these my tortures! About, as I it then izmuchaju! "» (with. 333) However, the favourite pravitelnitsy pursued especially egoistical aims (enrichment, possible acquisition of a sonorous title, strengthening of the influence in light, personal triumph etc.). Therefore it was waited by full breakdown.

According to A.N.Saharova «the personal logic was and at Birona, the - at miniha. Collision of these the logician makes that surprising and bright picture of an antagonism of personal and political interests which became a subject dominant of novel Vs. Soloveva« the captain grenadierial roty ».
Thereupon it would be desirable to underline especial art good luck of the writer - an image " áîëüíîãî" Ostermana, for which illness - one of tactical receptions in desperate struggle for the power. And minih, and Osterman have fallen, and it has grown out of crash their logician, and political strike» [394] . Their defeat Vs. Nightingales explains the moral reasons: the power and egoism were the basic motives of these people. The writer has opposed to all "lost" figures of Russian history Elizabeth Petrovnu who, as is known, could gain a full victory in struggle for a throne.

Success tsesarevny Vs. Nightingales explained the moral reasons. Unlike all other characters of the novel, she realises, that the power is given it from the God not for satisfaction of the egoism, and for service near, for service to the people. The daughter of the great emperor shows original Christian humility and entirely trusts in the God. The heroine as though operates according to words of regal prophet Solomona which in the book of the "Parable" wrote, that «only the God tsars dominate also governors legalise the truth» (Avenue 8:15). Its writer at the moment of a celebration Here is how has represented: «It sat now, having leant back on a back of an armchair and having hung a head, got tired, excited and miraculously fine. Looking on Ostermana and miniha, it suppressed in herself involuntary feeling of hatred and mentally repeated the oath: under no circumstances not to sign the death sentence». (With. 353)

the novelist has opened Elizabeth Petrovny's Private world by means of internal monologue, a speech nesobstvenno-straight line, and also references of the heroine to the God. We will result a fragment of one of its prays: «Yes there will be Your will, My God! Perhaps ahead blood and any horrors,  destruction and executions of the innocent. But, My God, do not put me it in a sin! Forgive me. You see, my heart, see, that this minute I think not of myself, not about the greatness, not about the happiness, but only about happiness and greatness of Russian people!

my heart Was exhausted, looking on its sufferings. I, the weak woman, but You do not leave me and help me, My God, not for the sake of hypocrisy, not for the sake of possibility with impunity to create everyones cruelty, stretching hands to a throne, and for the sake of justice. But if I am unworthy, punish me, My God. »(ñ.353).

In image of Elizabeth, in particular, Vs. The image embellished by its imagination, romanticheski raised, warmed by its love to the historical past and historical figures has shown nightingales to us ideal monarhinju. This image it has enclosed not only the valid character of empress Elizabeth, but also the representation about what should be fair gosudarynja.

In this product as well as in «the Young emperor» we observe psihologizatsiju histories. It is precisely not known, how the concrete historical figure (including Elizabeth Petrovna) could perceive this or that person, that, or other phenomenon. In novel Vsevolod of Nightingales gives one of possible variants. We will result examples. In one of chapters 1 the writer displays possible relation TSesarevny to duke Bironu: «Elizabeth put in necessity to use cunning and dissemble, necessarily felt obliged to be as more as possible kind with such omnipotent person, as Biron. She knew, that he will want and the end of its silent life will come. And she only in every way tried to avoid meetings with it, but when met, did not refuse to it in the smile and a kind word» [395] .

In second part Vs. Nightingales creates a small sketch when Anna Leopoldovna shows to Elizabeth Petrovne the newborn daughter, princess Ekaterina. «TSesarevna has approached to a cradle, has made out tiny creation, has quietly bent over it, cautiously constraining breath, has kissed the small handle. She very much loved children, and the kind of the newborn child always lifted in it natural tenderness» [396] .

Some fragments «the Captain grenadierial roty» are textually close to «to History of Russia since the most ancient times» to S.M.Soloveva. For example, in its book one case, katalizirovavshy Elizabeth's desire to make palace revolution is resulted. So, «in the beginning of June Guards officers, trapping to speak a minute with tsesarevnoju, have started it in the Summer garden, and one has started to speak: " the Mother! We are ready and only we wait for your orders that you order at last to us. " for God's sake, be silent, answered Elisaveta that you somehow have not heard; do not do itself neschatnymi, my children, do not ruin also me. Disperse, be very quiet: time has not come yet, I order you then to tell in advance» [397] .

In the novel the given episode is opened more in detail. «At this time because of turn some officers seemed. They already waited for a long time and watched tsesarevnu. Elizabeth, uvidja them, has hasty wiped the tears and tried to smile. " no, the mother-tsesarevna not to walk we left, - the trembled voice of the beginnings the officer approaching to it, - For a long time we need to see you. Tell a word - we are ready on all and only we wait for your orders. And quot; " for God's sake, be silent, - she has told, - be very quiet. Time has not come yet and as will come, I order to tell to you çàðàíåå"» [398] .

In the novel is narrated and that after svershenija revolution grenadiers have asked the empress to become their captain roty «" our Mother! - they spoke, interrupting each other. - you saw diligence ours and our service, we ask from you one award: declare itself the captain of ours roty and permit to swear òåáå". ' it is good, good, - Elizabeth, - since this minute I the captain grenadierial ðîòû" has told;» [399] . In S.M.Soloveva's book this episode which has given the title to the novel is stated so: «In the beginning of the third hour the new empress has gone to church to molebnu, here it was surrounded with Preobrazhenskiy grenadiers and began to speak: " You, the mother, saw, how is assiduous we sosluzhili to you service; for it we ask one award - declare
myself the captain of ours roty, and let we the first will swear òåáå". Elizabeth has agreed» [400] .

By preparation of revolution encouragement tsesarevne was rendered by French physician Lestok. According to S.M.Soloveva «Elizabeth did not agree to begin in any way business, and it has convinced her that has shown two pictures drawn hastily on playing cards: on one Elizabeth in a monastery, where has been presented it obrezyvajut hair, on another - coming to the throne at delights of the people. Lestok has offered it on a choice this or that. Elizabeth has chosen the last» [401] .

In the novel this case is stated as follows: Lestok, «it is unexpected for itself has thought up the following piece: it has seized two cards from a pack laying on a table, and a pencil, has drawn on cards two pictures - on one has represented Elizabeth in a monastery where to it cut off hair, on another - Elizabeth, coming to the throne and welcomed by the people» [402] .

the Similar sort textual coincidence is frequent in the text «the Captain grenadierial roty». It confirms, that the basic source of historical data for Vsevoloda Soloveva were books of his father, and the primary goal in this case for it became psihologizatsija and popularisation of the historical materials collected by S.M.Solovevym.

the Second for the importance, after Elizabeth Petrovny, in this novel is the image pravitelnitsy Annas Leopoldovny. Nightingales has shown it as the person, certainly, kind, but near; as a little spoilt woman who, having released from burdensome guardianship of the crowned aunt, whimsically aspires to make up for lost time and taste pleasure of life.

However its tragedy consists that it as her spouse and the daughter (princess Ekaterina) have appeared not in due time and not on the place.
the main lack (and, perhaps, and defect) this regal person was, according to Vs. Soloveva, levity and indifference to the duties. In one of scenes the novelist so has described a course of its thoughts: «and having spoken it is Anna Leopoldovna now has forgotten and about the imp (the future Peter III - E.N.) and about tsesarevne, and about all Russia . What its business to these fears.» (ñ.356) when it was temporarily left by the favourite of columns Linar whom she has been carried away. The carefree life of the grand daughter of tsar John V proceeded till November, 25th, 1741 when the Winter palace has changed the owners.

At creation of this image the writer also used «History of Russia since the most ancient times». For example, after overthrow Birona Anna Leopoldovny did not have a relation with field marshal Minihom. S.M.nightingale about it wrote so: «the unique feeling which connected it with it is a feeling of gratitude for clearing from Birona; but gratitude - feeling heavy» [403] .

Vsevolod Nightingales noticed, that position miniha concerning Anna Leopoldovny «was not especially strong. The princess did not feel to it never the big attachment; it with it connected only gratitude, and after all it is known, that gratitude for the majority of people - feeling very heavy and from it in every possible way try to get rid» [404] .

the Important episodes of a plot of the novel (the offer to Miniha Anna Leopoldovne to select to itself pages, arrest Birona and his families, desire pravitelnitsy to marry Elizabeth Petrovnu to the brother of the husband, the interdiction tsesarevne to see the French ambassador, the marquis de lja SHetardi) also, as well as the fragments resulted above are textually close to «to History of Russia since the most ancient times». In the head «Braungvejgsky family» of S.M.nightingale has opened various aspects external and empire internal policy in 1740-1741, Elizabeth Petrovny and Anna Leopoldovny's private life are considered by the historian in passing, from total amount of the head in
these aspects occupy 145 pages no more than 20 pages. However this material it has appeared quite enough for Vsevoloda Soloveva to create the novel, the basic intentsiej which became psihologizatsija histories and judgement of events from existential and ethical positions.

So, about it writes in A.N.sugar's historico-critical sketch: « It is necessary to tell about one more extremely strong dominant of novels Vs. Soloveva - their shrill morals. Constant search in the person of light lines, the compassion to its misfortunes, tolerance to weaknesses if they are not beyond human decency, get its many istoriko-works of art. Nobleness under its feather always costs at height, meanness even if she temporarily wins, is worthy contempt. And already in this most this approach we feel, that for the writer is the constant, vital, worthy statement and that is doomed to a gloom and oblivion. It is thought, that its art weaknesses noted by criticism, to a certain extent, were also force of the writer. This enthusiasm, passion and if want, in obrisovke the heroes and involves straightforwardness, except other strong lines creativity, to it of readers » [405] . (It is underlined by me - E.N.)

Marked by the scientist-historian in a literary-critical sketch of advantage solovevskih products about XVIII century (the entertaining, rich informative potential, «kind», a humanistic and patriotic orientation etc.) it is possible to interpret feelings as display of fictional thinking of the writer.

3.3

<< | >>
A source: Nikolsky Evgenie Vladimirovich. Prose Vsevoloda Soloveva: problems of creative evolution. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2014. 2014

More on topic psihologizatsija histories in the novel «the Captain grenadierial roty»:

  1. § 2. Formation, problems of replenishment of states and appointment Roty palace the grenadier
  2. sub TEST N 4 "HISTORIES WITH ADDITION."
  3. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
  4. the APPENDIX
  5. Volume of the executed researches
  6. THE APPENDIX
  7. 2. The purpose and problems of preparation of the Concept
  8. THE CHAPTER III. THE CURRENT OF PREGNANCY, SORTS AND THE POSTNATAL PERIOD AT WOMEN WITH THE ANEMIA (ACCORDING TO THE CATAMNESIS).
  9. THE MAINTENANCE
  10. § 3. Enterprise activity of subjects bankovskoi the infrastructures, providing effective realisation bank operations
  11. Maternal risk factors (age, an educational level, the obstetric anamnesis, IMT, arterial pressure, a chronic hypertensia, diseases of kidneys, a tobacco smoking)