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a psychologism Originality in the novel «Young emperor»

In the present paragraph we consider the products of the novelist devoted poslepetrovskoj to Russia, created throughout two years after an exit «Knjazhny Ostrozhsky». In them, it is masterful using the right to art fiction, Vs.

Nightingales has given original treatment to images of grandson Peter the Great, juvenile Peter II and daughters of the first Russian emperor, tsesarevny Elizabeths.

the Person of "the small emperor», Peter II, the son of tsarevitch Alexey and grandson Peter the Great is a little known in Russia. This monarch reigned only two short years and has not had time to realise itself. However it is impossible to notice, that young Peter was the person, some kind of, unique. It has come to the throne in 12 years and became the hostage of the majestic position. Such destiny has interested the young writer Vsevoloda Sergeevicha Soloveva who has devoted to him second novel «Young emperor» (1877).

fiction finds Special specificity in products of historical character. According to V.I.Tjupy: «zapechatlenie in a literary work or painting of the historical person is not simple reproduction, and creation of its analogue, allocated with the semiotics importance and conceptual sense . If we deal with aesthetic activity, instead of with craft imitation of shape or the biography facts, under a name of the real historical figure... The human person invented by the author - valuable kazhimost (image) of its historical prototype is found out. The person of the hero appears substitutsiej (replacement) of a primary reality of the historical person -
a reality secondary, mentally created and emotional otrefleksirovannoj» [371] . (It is underlined by me - E.N.)

the Similar position was occupied also with contemporary Vs. Soloveva, Polish novelist Henry Senkevich who considered, that without imagination does not manage any historical novel. «The history, reproducing events, reproduces only the major, reproducing historic figures, it plans only known marks of their life between which there are continuous blanks. To fill these blanks - an imagination and intuition problem. This activity is equivalent to logic guessing » (it is underlined by me - E.N.) [372] .

For definition of a measure of art fiction it is necessary for us to compare novel Vs. Solovyova with documentary-historical sources. With that end in view we will compare the novel created by it «Young emperor» in which short reign and Peter's II (1727-1730) short life are artly recreated, with stated in «Histories of Russia since the most ancient times» the historic facts used in product.

to Two years of reign of Peter of II S.M.nightingale has devoted the separate chapter, volume more than 120 pages, in 19th volume of the basic work. In it the historian in details analyzes features internal and foreign policy of Russian empire after Peter the Great death and his wife, Catherine I, in detail describes industry development, the international relations, affairs of national suburbs (and, first of all, restless in those days Ukraine).

to the Young monarch who has ascended to a throne in 12 years, 7 pages are devoted. Anything unusual in them is not present. First, traditions classical
a domestic historiography assumed, that in works of generalising character the material should settle down on reigns. Secondly, in a kind of the early childhood Peter II did not play an appreciable role in a life of the empire.

The person of the young tsar and the basic events of his life of S.M.nightingale describes from the point of view of history of an imperial court yard and struggle of court groupings for the real power in the country. Actually, the analysis of character of Peter II (unlike historians of other directions, in particular N.M.Karamzin and N.I.Kostomarov) we do not meet on pages «History of Russia since the most ancient times» though periodically there are data on separate properties of its character. Thus the father of the writer gave the basic attention to events of the All-Russia scale, instead of a private life and personal mutual relations of members of the most august family.

Novel Vs. Soloveva «the young emperor» in bolshej degrees reflects Peter's private life II. Action occurs in 1728 - the beginning 1729 In chapter 1 of novel Vsevolod of Nightingales so describes the hero; «to the second Russian emperor recently it was executed twelve years, but it seemed is more senior the age. Full, high, from an unusual whiteness the person, with fine blue eyes, it involuntarily attracted the attention, powdered, twisted small bukljami a wig, on a fashion of that time, allocated beauty of this person even more. Peter II was similar to mother, kronprintsessu SHarlotu, and inherited nothing from the father, tsarevitch Alexey» [373] . The writer admires the young tsar, with some even affection represents it, in many respects still children's, but already resolute character and purposefulness.

the Image of the regal adolescent in the novel is that composite and semantic centre from which proceed and with which all directions of a plot of the novel are connected. On A.N.Saharova's supervision: «in this product, as well as in its other historical compositions, except the cores
characters, amaze with the reliability, so-called, " heroes of the second ðÿäà"» [374] .

the description of last years of a political life and disgrace svetlejshego prince Menshikov, in detail recreated by the writer is the Most significant in this respect. After all, in struggle against the favourite of grandfather Peter II ego-trips as the person and the monarch.

between Menshikov and Peter II writer sees the Beginning of the deep conflict in absence at the prince of a step in relation to the emperor as whom he still considers as the boy obedient, timid and dependent on it, and that Peter II was bored by sciences which on Menshikov's instigation vtolkovyvaet to it the teacher. The bases for collision are extremely bared. They are covered in incompatibility of characters of the imperious and severe prince and Peter dreaming of independence.

S.M.nightingale has characterised Menshikov at this time so: «favour Menshikov was the most fragile property. In the first days the boy submitted to the person who, appear, is very strong which promoted its erection on a throne.» [375] . Further the historian the same as also the novelist, noticed, that between svetlejshim and the young monarch gradually became ripe the conflict which has led to falling of "the semimajestic lord»: «at such relations of collision between Menshikov and Peter were necessary, and should be found out very soon. It was easy to expect, business to come to an end rupture.» ("I", with. 107).

In the description of the reasons of final defeat of the prince the father and the son show full unanimity. So S.M.nightingale wrote: «In first four months of reign II. power concentrated in Menshikov's hands. In four months it has fallen. What reasons of falling?
answer ordinary: court intrigues, specify on Ostermana, on Dolgorukovyh. As main originators Menshikov's overthrow. But we will pay, first of all, attention. On its relation to the emperor». ("I", with. 106-107). Further at S.M.Soloveva we meet a mention of character of a young sovereign: «Peter was persistent in the desires not on letam; we know, how his father (executed Peter I tsarevitch Alexey - E.N was persistent.) But at the father the persistence was passive because to it the will was not, and the son had a will: its desires were executed by all, except Menshikov, and it is easy to understand, how he did not love Menshikov: " Or I the emperor, - or îí". Hatred increased still that there was an obligation to marry daughter Menshikov; hatred increased that Menshikov considered itself in the right to reproach in an ingratitude "(" I », with. 113).

in struggle against the grandee, according to the novelist, at Peter II the strong character peculiar to all representatives of a dynasty of Romanovs is formed. However fragile shoulders of the prince do not maintain the big moral loading because of what he hard falls ill. A role of fatal circumstances has played, as considers Vs. Nightingales, an environment of the young tsar, its favourite - family of princes Dolgorukih. Them «entertainments were various, they absolutely enticed and otumanivali the poor young man» (ñ.137). Under the certificate of the writer: «Peter's strong constitution with this abnormal life long struggled, but what physical strength did not suffice for a long time.» (ñ.137).

In «Histories of Russia.» S.M.nightingale noticed, that «Peter did not wish to study, wished to live happily... Did not wish to hear about serious employment, all night long walked with the young chamberlain, prince Ivan Alekseevichem Dolgorukov, laid down in seven mornings.» ("I", with. 118).

almost literally this phrase describing a life of Peter II, is reproduced in the novel «Young emperor»: «any remark is unpleasant to Peter; here it without a break walks all the night long with the young chamberlain, prince Ivan Dolgorukov, lays down in seven mornings» (with. 139).

S.M.nightingale, narrating about influence of family Dolgorukovyh (S.M.nightingale and Vs. S.Solovev adhered to the given writing of this surname) on the young monarch, wrote: «Peter was now in heavier position, than at Menshikov. Then it has armed against the person illegally stolen the power and abusing it then it has seized with the person who wished to keep it in hands, not to give to it, offended it. But to Dolgorukov - other relations: they it is constant in the most zealous way its desire granted, pleased, amused it without the slightest prekoslovija» ("I", with. 189).

Vsevolod Nightingales regretted the young tsar, wished not only to understand, but also to justify it, to show tragic element of its position. The rich nature of the young monarch presented both physically, and spiritually (the young tsar is developed intellectually and possesses strong consciousness unusual for its age), nevertheless has not sustained struggle against circumstances and could not realise put in pawn in it the nature and education promising inclinations.

So about skill Vsevoloda Soloveva in the foreword to last prerevolutionary collected works of the writer critic P.V.Bykov wrote: «This interesting, grateful plot, get it in other hands, would not be so it is perfectly developed, what it left at Soloveva» [376] .

it is possible to confirm Fidelity of judgement of the critic, having spent short comparison of the novel «Young emperor» and chronicles «the Word and Business» (chapter 1 «gosudareva the bride») Valentina Pikulja in whom known writer HH century has addressed by the period of board of Peter II. In one of scenes of this chapter there is a following description: «In distant rooms prince Dolgoruky has nestled to a door crack. On wide bed, in obnimku as if brothers, slept his son Vanka with the emperor. And delightfully Alexey Grigorevich was stupefied: " Here happiness! A sovereign-emperor with Vankoj mine sleeps sluggishly and immoderately. To me this honour! " - the father has envied the son. The prince
has collected clothes imperial, that has been hurriedly scattered. Was not too lazy - and synovju has lifted. Bottoms of caftans has felt: floors mokrehonki to see again to Moscow for secret entertainments went» [377] .

Or in other place: «On pair with the brother (princes Dolgorukie) notified fair the world: " have not watched! Eh, people. The Tsar is young, hot, demand is short. Has torn down its majesty knjazhnu ours! Has deprived of its virtue main. The disgrace of a surname of all of ours has dropped out. "» [378] .

For comparison we will result an episode from «the Young emperor», devoted to the same theme: «Peter was absolutely beat out from hands. In it there was a change to the worst. Still recently, not looking at laziness and passion to every possible entertainments, Andrey Ivanovich Osterman often noticed in it inquisitiveness, rejoiced to its fine abilities, its lively wit, but now under the influence of that unscrupulous company to which the young man has got, its horizon was narrowed. He has ceased to be interested in to what followed it be interested, thought only about veselii, of the hunting, a different sort inadmissible pranks, old man Alexey Dolgoruky» (began to love immodest conversations to which have accustomed its environment and, in particular, with. 102).

In solovevskom the novel does not contain any naturalistic details about character of entertainments of the young monarch; the author mentions only "variety" of entertainments. Probably, in the fragments resulted above and V.Pikulja's chronicles are absent unchecked historic facts, however, it is necessary to notice, that both novelists differently comprehend and perceive an image «the regal adolescent».

If Vs. Nightingales wrote about Peter II with feeling of compassion - as about «good and the lovely boy» (with. 218) to which could possess riches and glory, but thus not to test elementary happiness Valentine Pikul has presented it as the corrupted and limited youth,

not being anything remarkable neither for history, nor for fiction. Thus, lyricism and dushevnost Vsevoloda Soloveva in XIX century platitudes and oblichitelstvu Valentina Pikulja have given way.

these authors and an image of the favourite and the close friend absolutely differently have recreated «the small emperor», prince Ivan Dolgorukov. Vs. Nightingales were described in detail by its course of life, but has consecrated the major lines of its spiritual evolution. From rasputnogo rakes under the influence of manuals of the pious spouse, countess Natalia Sheremetevoj, and burden of a hardship and the sufferings transferred by it in a Siberian exile, prince Ivan becomes the virtuous father of family and sincerely believing Christian. Death at all its cruelty (execution by quartering) Dolgoruky accepts as iskupitelnuju a penalty for the sins and thanks for it the God. In V.Pikulja's novel the course of life of prince Ivan Dolgorukov is shown only schematically and the scene of his death with a pray on lips is perceived as roughly made insert deprived of any artistry.

XIX and XX centuries it is possible to explain the Reasons of disagreements of art positions of writers distinction of their outlooks and approaches to judgement of the past. At the short analysis of images of Peter II and Ivan Dolgorukov there is clear that V.Pikul, unlike Vs. Soloveva, on - visible, did not possess feeling of awe of the past of Russia and did not test trembling at contact with secret history and the human person. How it was strange and it is paradoxical, but a sight at Peter II as on the weak-willed and spoilt youth who has become by a toy in hands of court oligarchy, the stated V.Pikulem in the chronicle, is closer to views on the regal adolescent, stated in «to History of Russia since the most ancient times» to S.M.Solovevym, than those ideas, which steels a dominant of novel Vs. Soloveva «the young emperor».

Vsevolod Nightingales opens lacks and weaknesses of the young monarch, but, nevertheless, its liking on young Peter's party which could become, but and did not become the second Peter the Great. « Vague transitive time of a life of Russian society, - the author, - caused to a new life genius Peter the Great wrote, has created variety of terrible dramas. Before us there pass chains of guilty and innocent victims of public disintegration, and heart is involuntarily compressed, recollecting destinies of other pure and light people who were untimely lost. Among these images there is also a young emperor. The nature has richly presented it; during other time, in other circumstances, at other education from it there would be a worthy successor of the great grandfather. But the destiny has solved differently, and it should be lost »(with. 197). The writer sympathetically concerned destiny of not taken place monarch, justified it, accusing in all sins of the greedy courtiers, not allowed to develop to richly presented nature and, finally, ruined« the small emperor » [379] (the initial name of the novel was that).

However these motives were alien to its father-historian who wrote: «it (Peter II) itself was gave by it (Dolgorukov) in charge, it has drawn to them own passion, neraspolozhenie to be engaged in serious business, the desire to be amused, have a good time. As it was easy to turn around to it a back to Menshikov so it was heavy to make it rather Dolgorukov» ("I", with. 189).

usually avaricious on a detail, S.M.nightingale so describes a meeting of nun Elena (Eudoxia Lopuhinoj, first wife Peter the Great) with the young emperor: «When there was a first appointment to the grandmother, it is not known; it is known only, that it was cold from the grandson who obviously avoided (appointments) with staroju the tsarina: the brother and sister at appointment to the grandmother had at itself tsesarevnu Elizabeth that the old woman did not take a great interest in conversations on some delicate affairs; but assured, that the tsarina has had time to tell to the grandson about its behaviour.» ("I", with. 124-125).

Under feather Vs. These facts are transformed by S.Soloveva abreast scenes in which minor details about difficult mutual relations of representatives of three generations of an imperial family are introduced. In one of scenes of novel Vs. Nightingales are come out with the assumption why the young monarch has decided to visit the grandmother together with the aunt, tsesarevnoj Elizabeth Petrovnoj. Approaching on fencing Novodevichego of a monastery where Elena, Peter II lived regal inokinja speaks: «I am afraid of this appointment to the grandmother. After all we do not know it, what it. Here so it is good today so on a shower it is joyful, and the grandmother, probably, begins to cry, complain. And at you, Liza, it osterezhetsja, and all will descend, as follows» (with. 86).

reaction postrizhennoj gosudaryni on the daughter of its great spouse from its second marriage is not less remarkable in this product. Eudoxia Lopukhin salutes regal stati and to advantage of the young princess, but at the same time «she hated this beauty Elizabeth, hated and that it daughter Peter and Ekaterinas, and that have brought it now with itself to prevent frank outpourings. Zanylo suddenly heart of the old woman, she has felt weakness and is hardly cunning to an armchair» (with. 87-88). So the avaricious description of the historian "has regenerated" in a bright and remembered episode of the novel.

Continuing our comparison, we will especially notice, that one of the basic distinctions of art and a science are problems aksiologii. According to philosopher A.V.Gulygi: «valuable relations not always coincide with the utilitarian. The idea of value is the statement form in the world of the human beginning, and the person, as is known, is full not bread uniform. The higher value - human life, it is not measured by that practical advantage which it is possible to wait from the individual» [380] . From these positions we will correlate perception of person Peter II in novel Vs. Soloveva «the young emperor» and in «Histories of Russia since the most ancient times» S.M.Soloveva.

Using a unique historical plot, the novelist has represented the child acting not only the witness and the eyewitness of spiritual and ideological currents and epoch contradictions, but also the participant of historical events, the hostage of the high position.

Russian writers XIX-XX centuries (L.N.Tolstoy, F.M.Dostoevsky, S.T.Aksakov, N.G.Pomjalovsky, V.G.Korolenko, I.A, Bunin, A.Belyj, N. G.Garin-Mihajlovsky) was opened by the various parties of a phenomenon of the childhood in the products. Radka Grzhibkova notices, that «in the Russian literature of XIX century a number of the genres connected with a theme of the child and the childhood developed: Christmas and easter stories, a physiological sketch and a household sketch, the story with the children's hero, the education novel. In most cases Russian writers have stepped over classical frameworks of the given genres. The social aspect accenting position of children in a society, in their products, as a rule, closely intertwines with aspect biological, psychological, ethical and existential, certainly, in a various parity of dominating elements» [381] .

In second half XIX centuries, on L.N.Savinoj's supervision, in the Russian literature «there are numerous images of children deprived of house heat, adults suffering from tyranny» [382] ; in itself opposition of the happy and unhappy childhood not the new phenomenon of the literature. To the specified period quite often wrote that so-called «kuharkiny children» are doomed by an unfair society «to loneliness, hunger, a cold, and, probably, premature death while descendants of the count or the prince enjoy heat, a cosiness and general care native and tutors» [383] .

In the novel «Young emperor» we observe discrepancy with a literary mainstream of an epoch. In the novel centre «Young emperor»
there is a figure not the fantastic prince enjoying all good things of life, and an image of a real tsarevitch, it is impossible to name whose destiny happy. Perhaps, this one of few products of the Russian literature where it is a question of the unfortunate childhood at all visibility of external well-being. The author, narrating about destiny of "the small emperor», as though brings an attention to the question on, whether it is possible to live "at the highest levels" easily, simply and happily?

In the novel except special historical problems Vsevolod of Nightingales considers also eternal questions of life, reflects on happiness and pleasure, touches an eternal riddle of the childhood which, in its opinion, should be happy, what not always, unfortunately, meets in a life.

In process of plot development the answer is formed also. There, where there is a power, eternal, existential aspects of human life considerably become aggravated, radical contradictions between good and harm are bared, usual human feelings and emotions are transformed to a storm of sinful passions. Inevitably there are intrigues from which sufferings result,  destruction and death. Vs. Nightingales narrates that the regal adolescent, in essence, became a change in the big politics tricks for the power. Peter's illness progressed, and a baron background Osterman already counted the future political courses in empire. In the field of its sight Anna Ioannovna, the daughter of late tsar John V gets, the stepbrother and sopravitelja Peter the Great till 1696 the new stage political struggle in Russia Begins. The bed mortally sick Peter II already has a severe struggle for the power, there is a sharing of Russian throne.

On last pages of the chapter devoted to reign of Peter II, Nightingales-senior avariciously and short describes circumstances of death of the tsar, not trying to understand the psychological and existential reasons of this sad event. Leaving of the young monarch from a life for it - only one of links in a chain of infinite struggle of court groupings for the power in the country.

not accepting a train of thought of the father, Vsevolod Nightingales develops its short descriptions and creates integral and artly lawful picture of death of the regal adolescent, filling the ending of the novel philosophical reflexions about a life and death. Future empress Elizabeth Petrovna was the unique close friend of the small emperor. In conversation with it Peter II says the phrases absolutely unusual for its early age: « Anywhere me does not pull, Liza, and the life has already bothered me. The right. To die better, than so to live, as I live. Before, recently still, there were many pleasures, all amused me, all amused me. Who is loved by me, that does not love me, whom I do not love - that always with me. Liza, you know a little: there was no I the person, and never will be. Well, look at me properly, - unless not the old man I now! As there is an old man old, weakened. And whether you know, how at old men all light, all good far behind remains, and they live in it, recollecting. And at me: everything, that is lovely and expensive - far »(ñ.125). It is necessary to note affectation of such judgements for the 14-year-old boy.

Vsevolod Nightingales in this novel (and as and in other products) puts a problem of judgement from positions of Christian philosophy of such difficult and ambiguous phenomenon, as the power. Thus, the main problem of product it is possible to designate as «the power and the childhood». The author considers the power from existential positions and spends thought that terrestrial greatness does not bring to the person any pleasure. It has enclosed these reasonings in lips of the regal adolescent.

In «Histories of Russia since the most ancient times» S.M.Soloveva does not contain any reflexions on moral and philosophical themes.

the Tragedy of the young emperor is shown on a wide background of the historical epoch in details described by the novelist. According to modern historian A.N.Saharova: «in this novel, as well as in other compositions of the writer, all breathes an epoch. Here not arranged Petersburg in which cold imperial style
the next years, both already arising Peterhof, and old, razuhabistaja is already felt, cheerful Moscow is written well out young, but yet. And, the main thing, novel Soloveva allows to touch by those far days and heroes about which modern Russian readers have rather vague idea if have in general» [384] .

From the comparison resulted by us follows, that Vs. Nightingales were constructed by this plot of the novel, not deforming the facts stated in «Histories of Russia since the most ancient times». Xóäîæåñòâåííîå reconsideration of some facts of the biography of Peter II promoted occurrence in product of existential judgement of life of heroes, thoughts on a relativity of happiness and sad judgements that the death at times becomes the desired deliverer from burdens and griefs of a human life.

Thus, stated in the novel «Young emperor» the tragedy of the regal adolescent gets some kind of timeless value. On quite natural question on possibility of a parity of happiness and almost full abundance of the "external" blessings terrestrial Vs. Nightingales are given by the negative answer. In it aspect of a problematics of product the author as though is beyond the fact-finding tendency peculiar to a historical fiction, and gives the interpretation by immemorial existential aspect of human life.

In the central product, the novel-pentalogii: {the Chronicle of four generations », the novelist explained the aspiration artly to revive persons little-known and not left a considerable trace in history with the reasons of moral character:« (Person) sees, that sometimes the phenomenon, in itself insignificant, made impression incomparably strongest and prodolzhitelnejshee, than the phenomenon really large, having many consequences. Such pure and light images grows much - and in interests of development of Soul human it is necessary to keep about them memoirs and carefully to transfer to their following generations. Let these pure images presented with casual topic of the day, had no influence
on destiny of the states, let they did not move forward mankind history, but they, anyway, represent themselves an example and a lesson necessary for the subsequent generations » [385] . In this deviation the writer has expressed the credo, the reasons on which he chose plots from an enormous material of Russian history for the novels.

Except the central line for a plot of this novel presence of in details worked minor is characteristic. So about skill Vsevoloda Soloveva in the foreword to last prerevolutionary collected works of the writer critic P.V.Bykov wrote: «This.otlichno the conceived novel abounds with artly executed pictures, scenes, so vital as though they are written off from nature...... Brightly

Menshikov's falling is represented; a scene when it has begun to see clearly, began to repent, and has felt in itself forces for a pray. Menshikov's figure is written to all growth, with that tshchaniem which is peculiar to the author, with true illumination of private world of the person. As princes Dolgorukie and, at last, the emperor » [386] are written carefully out Elizabeth Petrovna, Osterman.

Perhaps, the main thing from minor heroes of the novel prince Menshikov is. After its falling the long, humiliating way full of sufferings has followed: in the autumn without warm clothes in rogozhnoj to a tilt cart in far small town Berezov where "svetlejshego" also overtakes death in November, 1729 One behind another all members of his family die.

However, in the description of these, on the big measure, widely known facts from Russian history of XVIII century, Vs. Nightingales introduces new (peculiar, perhaps, only to it) shades. Sudden falling "goliafa" [387] promoted its spiritual revival which was not less in details described by the novelist. In Alexander Menshikov's shower the conscience voice clears up. He in a condition of a heavy nervous breakdown "meets" Peter's shade
Great which reproaches him for sins against the God and Russia. For the first time for many years the prince feels sincere requirement for a pray. He hotly appeals to the Creator with already firm belief in Its mercy. Vsevolod Nightingales so are described by its mental condition during that moment: « Prince Alexander Danilovich, and only the God one prays hears the repented sinner, both the unknown silence and peace of mind condescend in a rebellious soul. Menshikov after the long pray has risen the unrecognizable, updated person: there was no rage and there was no now in it a despair. " all to the best: the God has recollected me, - he thought, - it is necessary to pray, it is necessary to pray for forgiveness the sins! " the prince to the wife also has gone, in a lap began to be sorry about children and left from them absolutely calmed »(with. 55).

Stay in Siberia promoted spiritual growth of prince Alexander which local residents esteemed as blissful and just. In character of last years Menshikov Vs's of life. Nightingales followed not only to the standard sources, but also the remained church fairy tales (to the documents-annals, stored in rural and church archives) in which its image enters into type of the repented sinner typical for Russian spiritual verses. Such judgement of destiny of the disgraced favourite became possible thanks to the reference of the writer to some concepts extended in consciousness of the Russian person. Griefs become grains of updating and revival of the person for dialogue with the Christ on evangelical precepts.

to Illustrate this thought to us it would be desirable words of one of religious publicists of 20th HH century: «Sufferings are for us a source of great values and positive spiritual acquisitions; they lead us to belief, love and spiritual force. We live on this earth to work over beauty of our soul, and our life is a great workshop in which smothering prepares for the new sky and the new earth» [388] .

In a foreshortening of this idea Vs. Nightingales the course of life of minor heroes of the novel considered, princes Alexander Menshikov and Ivan Dolgorukov. Narrating about these people, the writer has short mentioned those who has divided with them them via dolorosa. In particular, in «the Young emperor» is narrated about destiny of the daughter of the semimajestic lord, «the torn down bride» small emperor, knjazhny to Maria Aleksandrovny Menshikovoj who with original advantage and humility has transferred the tests which have dropped out to it and became the comforter of the father and mother. In Siberia it has married prince-exile Feodor Dolgorukov and has died after sorts on hands of the grieving father and the husband.

little bit in more details Vs. Nightingales has described destiny of the spouse of prince Ivan Dolgorukov - Natalia Borisovny Sheremetevoj, its love and fidelity to the elect, its life full of injustice and hot belief in mercy Bozhie. In an epilogue to novel Vs. Nightingales so wrote about this woman: «It remained in memory national a light ideal pure soul of the woman, the spouse, mother and hristianki. All life it suffered a grief behind a grief; has died in Kiev the nun. Its last words which have been written down before death, were: " Remained on my death, shed tears, recollecting my disastrous life. Any Christian I ask to tell, recollecting me:« Thank God, that its life has terminated, floods of tears do not flow and does not sigh »". Many people pass over ashes of this distressful woman, not knowing, that here its tomb, but its name will not die - it has deserved immortality» (with. 197-198).

In a fragment devoted to the description of destiny of Natalia Sheremetevoj-Dolgorukovoj (shimonahini nektarii) Vsevolod Nightingales has created a thematic parallel to an image of the protagonist of the novel: and «the small emperor» and the princess search for disposal of burdens of life in death. However, unlike the young monarch, the widow of its favourite finds a consolation in orthodox belief.

One more line of this product is devoted kurljandskoj to duchess Anna Ioannovne (future samoderzhitse), the kind memory which have not left on [389] . In other products the novelist did not write about this representative of a sort of Romanovs, apparently because as the monarchist «without a reasoning» [390] , did not wish to concern gloomy decade of XVIII century It is possible to assume safely, that only fidelity to historic facts promoted occurrence in episodes of such person, as mitavskaja the duchess. Vs. Nightingales wrote: «delivered to Nobody of especial pleasure its company, and meanwhile from its part it used all forces to like, to deserve an arrangement. Eyes did not lower from the emperor and tsareven, not knowing than to please them, - and nevertheless nobody paid to it of attention» (with. 104).

In this novel Anna Ioannovna is presented as the poor relative and the modest petitioner. About its board Vs. Nightingales in the creativity seldom mentioned. In product «the Captain Guards roty» all negative sides of its reign he explained - as "fruit" of absolute power Birona, instead of as result of actions of the empress.

So, minor lines of "the Young emperor» play the important role in a novel problematics. First, actions, Peter II, in it - would not give possibility to the writer to create its psychological portrait and the analysis of its sights at the world and the place product of the novelistic plan. All these lines and episodes only show, that the regal adolescent was lonely, and strengthen II existential ideas stated by Peter about sense and value of his life.

Secondly, having introduced in the novel a variety of scenes and having entered additional characters, the writer has confirmed on other material the thought that the power and riches do not bring to their owner of usual human happiness.

Thirdly, value of minor lines of a plot and heroes of "the second plan» consists that they form an epoch background, prompt those nuances of the past which are reproduced not always by historians in the compositions but which are accessible to historical novelists.

3.2

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A source: Nikolsky Evgenie Vladimirovich. Prose Vsevoloda Soloveva: problems of creative evolution. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2014. 2014

More on topic a psychologism Originality in the novel «Young emperor»:

  1. a conceptual sign ‘ (young) generation ’.
  2. THE CHAPTER III. KONTSEPT VOINV CONSCIOUSNESS OF YOUNG NATIVE SPEAKERS OF RUSSIAN
  3. the Chapter III. STRUCTURE KONTSEPTA the HOUSE ON MATERIALS of QUESTIONING of YOUNG NATIVE SPEAKERS OF RUSSIAN
  4. Economic efficiency of use zernosenazha in feeding of repair young growth of pigs
  5. a genre originality of editions
  6. § 3. Originality of the Russian statehood in representation To. P.Pobedonostseva
  7. Chapter 4 Complex treatment of men of young age with sex disorders at a nervosism
  8. § 6. Discriminating lines and an originality of functioning of the Security agency subordinated to the Palace commandant
  9. the Morphological characteristic of an atrophic gastritis at persons young and middle age (control group)
  10. the Genre originality dilogii
  11. Chapter 5 the Comparative estimation of efficiency of treatment of men of young age with sex disorders at a nervosism
  12. 1.2. An originality of the semantic nature onimov
  13. 1.2. Theoretical preconditions of use of an acupuncture, psychotherapy and balneoterapii in correction of sex disorders at men of young age at a nervosism
  14. the Appendix 10. A small parametrical kernel farerskogo language (by data «dictionary Farersko-English» J. Young and S.Klever)
  15. 2.1 Originality OEZ-eksklavnyj development type
  16. a genre originality of popular scientific magazines
  17. § 1. National-konfessionalnoe a novel originality «Knjazhna Ostrozhsky»
  18. «Imperial embassy»: a genre originality and problems of sources
  19. CHAPTER 2. THE GENRE ORIGINALITY OF PESENNO-MUSICAL LYRICS M.I.TSVETAEVA
  20. CHAPTER 3. THE GENRE ORIGINALITY OF PESENNO-MUSICAL LYRICS A.I.TSVETAEVA