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THE BASIC MAINTENANCE OF THE DISSERTATION

In "Introduction" the work urgency, its scientific novelty and the practical importance is proved, methods, object and an object of research are defined, the purpose and specific targets corresponding to it is put, the positions which are taken out on protection are formulated.

The chapter I «“ the Kimrsky text ”: formation stages» it is devoted the basic stages of formation «kimrskogo the text». The Primary goal of the head — to describe and analyse the greatest possible quantity of sources — the texts connected with Kimry, to estimate, as the image of a place is embodied in them. Structurally the head shares on three sections (in connection with historical changes): «the Pre-revolutionary period», «“ the Kimrsky text ”during Soviet time (1917-1991)» and «Kimry in modern fiction and publicism», each of which is broken into a number of the paragraphs describing those or other features of a certain stage of formation «kimrskogo the text».

The section «Pre-revolutionary period» opens the paragraph «the First mentions of Kimry». In it documents in which Kimry was mentioned are in details described: Ivan Groznogo's reading and writing of 1546 (it defined Kimry as trading village) and the reading and writing containing a mention about "kimrjanah" — so to the middle of XIX century inhabitants Kimr were called. In the dissertation the analysis of the use of words "kimrjane" is undertaken and
"kimrjaki"; form uses "kimrjane" in modern sources are marked.

In «the General reason on the Tver province, taken from detailed topographical and kameralnogo on cities and districts of the description of 1783-1784», the shoe craft — original "card" Kimr for the first time is mentioned. The text testifies to popularity of village as trade centre, the attention is focused on development of manufacture and fairs. In «the Lexicon Russian historical, political and civil» V.N.Tatischev the assumption of existence Kimr in XI century becomes: «.sie the place on gistorii Rusky though an outcome of 12 hundred after the Christ is not mentioned before, however is visible, that rather ancient dwelling for in not distant from onago razstojanii the ancient site of ancient settlement» [10] is visible. However, most likely, it is a question of a place (probably, known thanking gidronimu), instead of about settlement.

The first documents did not assume art judgement Kimr, however in them the initial constants connected with kimrskim by edge are set.

In the paragraph «From trading texts to texts literary» we address (besides of scenes of everyday life and epistolary certificates) to the first works of art in which Kimry is mentioned.

Kimry was reflected in correspondence of prince Alexander Nikolaevicha (the future Alexander II) with Nikolay I. In the letter the church constructed absolutely «on the sample of the Moscow Uspensky cathedral» [11] — kimrsky the Pokrovsk cathedral is mentioned also.

During this period there are I.T.Kokorev's sketches in which "kimrjak" becomes a word nominal, and also — defining a trade: «As new boots, so kimrjak were necessary for the driver.» [12] Confirming value of a craft («I saw village Kimru: from the first to time its content and riches» [13] are appreciable) there are S.P.Shevyrev's travelling notes.

About kimrskih fires from which has sat down practically completely burnt out, but invariably built up, wrote S.A.Maslov in «Notes during a trip across Volga from Tver to Kostroma». In its book there is also a mention of "hack-work" kimrskih obuvshchikov. Having become famous to all Russia the skill, handicraftsmen have started to make footwear with cardboard (paper) soles what it was mentioned in set of texts, for example, «Moscow and Muscovites» V.A.Giljarovskogo (except this product, in the dissertation it is considered its guidebook "Volga" in which the opposite opinion is expressed on village in many respects).

The analysis of the given products allows to draw a conclusion, that rod kimrskaja a theme — shoe. Synonymic pair "Kimry" — "boots"
Finds reflexion in A.P.Chekhov, S.V.Maksimova, A.I.Zabelin, P.N.Polevogo's texts, etc. In this number it is possible to name and M.A.Rybakova, kimrskogo the writer, at the first stage of the creative biography using pseudonym Makar the Shoemaker. As literary hero Makar the Shoemaker appears in J.F.pomozova's history «the Case with the traveller». «Kimry — shoe capital» (the name is conditional) concerns a paradigm also T.Gote's words: «Kimry is known for the boots, as Ronda — gaiters [14]». By this time the All-Russia glory kimrskih obuvshchikov — a fact in evidence.

There are the texts defining kimrskuju microtoponymics. In particular, "Zareka" it is mentioned in A.N.Ostrovsky's diary. Microtoponymic parts of a locus are entered into the conceptual device of the dissertation: Zareka (Zareche, earlier — the Voznesensky party), Savyolovo, the Troitsk party (the historical centre).

In M.E.Saltykova-ShChedrina's products «Loyal speeches» and «Modern idyll» there are elements revealed earlier in research kimrskogo a locus: the developed trade, a shoe craft fading in second half XIX centuries (because of increasing volumes of manufacture of poor-quality footwear); professional identity is marked: «we shoemakers ancient, immemorial.» [15]

In Ostrovsky's texts and Saltykova-ShChedrina one more is fixed kimrsky a craft — fishing. It not casual mentions. In N.J.Mandelshtam's "Memoirs" kimrjaki also are shown by fishers, as well as in A.S.Stoljarova, G.G.Moskvicha, M.B.Baru, I.M.Mihajlova, A.V.semiboat's products, etc.

About populousness and development Kimr writes N.N.Lender in the book "Volga", characterising village so: «the Center of a special handicraft work» [16]. To work «capitalism Development in Russia» V.I.Lenin we find acknowledgement In materials of some the conclusions made us (about the importance of a craft, development of village, etc.). In variety of texts Kimry is mentioned, but or already known data repeated, or these data were not representative enough (P.P.Nejdgardt, F.M.Zelenev, V.M.Sidorov, A.P.Subbotin, I.F.Tjumenev, G.P.Demjanov, etc.)

The special attention is given formation in art texts of an image kimrjaka. Its first characteristics: the peasant, the shoemaker exclusively owning art of creation of footwear; poor/prosperous; there is an image gorjujushchego kimrjaka — at the fire description (the first description of the local resident, not the shoemaker-professional).

The cultural constants connected with kimrskim by edge are defined and analyzed, on an example of texts is shown, how there is a creation of an image of a place. By the moment of occurrence of an autostereotype the heterostereotype is already generated, that influences local consciousness: in the first
The texts written kimrjakami, quite often it was not created, and the image of village/city created in products of predecessors was copied.

The paragraph «literature Origin in Kimry» shows autostereotypic perception of a locus. The first "kimrskie" products represent documentary descriptions. Their authors, priest N.G.Lebedev, M.V.Maljugin's merchants and A.S. Joiners, aspects of a life of village and features of shoe business (about bad quality of footwear local authors do not write) comprehensively consider. Manufacture becomes one of motives of product of A.S.Stoljarova «in a footwear kingdom», created in the epistolary form. Lebedev — the founder of representation about Kimry as «the world centre», it names their one of the best villages of province [17]. Representation about kimrjake extends, the basic details of descriptions are concentrated round shoe manufacture.

The section «“ the Kimrsky text ”during Soviet time (1917-1991)» opens the paragraph «Pre-war period» in which the first (artly insolvent) poems created in Kimry (1919-1920) are analyzed. Their authors frequently disappearing under

Pseudonyms: Privolzhsky (E.Rozenbljum), L.Meglitsky, Volgar and the Swallow.

Products of higher level are published in the newspaper created in 1925 «Kimrsky life». Their distinctive feature is occurrence of ironical and satirical intonations (ZHenka Krjuchek); here feuilletons (Adah Th) are published, sketches about a life of shoemakers (O.Asomsky), etc. Art judgement of a locus at local authors during this period practically it is not marked. Kimry was mentioned in sketches and satirical products. From all set of texts 1925-26 in bolshej degrees promoted creation of an image of a place satirical poems ZHenki Krjucheka. The poet addresses to the phenomena (critically them shining), connected with kimrskim edge: to a dream of firemen during a fire, to long delays of harvesting, use by girls of cosmetics (that became object of censure), etc.

The new certificates, helping to reconstruct an image of a place, are in texts of the authors who were not living in Kimry (so the heterostereotype is transformed). The first poetic description of a city is undertaken by J.Z.Shvedovym in a poem "Kimry". Lyrical hero Shvedova shows understanding Kimr. The poet pays attention to «a smell of skin» — an indicator allocating Kimry among other small cities. Popularity and relevancy has sat down are underlined also by that the poem is called "Kimry" while the lyrical hero is on savyolovskoj to the party. Poem SHvedova corresponds with «savyolovskim a cycle» Mandelshtama; the similar image describes a landscape (the dusty nettle, the Volga slopes, rough Volga coast) is
savyolovskie poems; poets embody district with same «review points».

The first mention of the railway which has connected Kimry with Moscow (and later and with Leningrad), arises in S.P.podjacheva's book «My life». Kimry finds new property: a transit locus. Occurrence of tracks has given an impulse to village development — more visitors (including writers) could visit Kimry and Savyolovo (for example, I.G.Erenburg, V.G.Lidin and J.K.Baltrushajtis); in 1930th «unreliable citizens», not having possibilities to live in large cities, chose Kimry because of railway communication presence (O.E.Mandelshtam and M.M.Bakhtin). During the same period in Kimry there were known local authors: S.I.Petrov and M.A.Rybakov.

In the paragraph the attention to one of characters of the novel of A.N.Tolstoy "Peter I" Blast furnace Vahrameevu is paid. The woman-kimrjanka appears in product nesprosta; the arrangement of village convenient in relation to capital opened ample opportunities for an imperial family and its confidants — the village repeatedly was transferred in gift, its inhabitants quite often served notable persons. This first occurrence in fiction kimrjanki — in the previous texts kimrjaki were fixed or obobshchyonno, or as men-handicraftsmen (women before shoe manufacture were not supposed).

«The shoe theme» arises in M.M.Prishvina and B.N.field's stories, named "Boots" and "Boots" accordingly. Prishvin tells about "tops" or "urchunah", getting in «kimrskoe herd» [18] (these are new displays of an image kimrjaka), the name fixed to shoe Kimry the East Indies is marked (the last proves to be true M.A.Rybakova's story "India"; this name — one of synonyms Kimr, lost in the XX-th century). Field, describing kimrsky the market, pays attention to the positive changes which have occurred in trade in the first years of the Soviet power, underlines advantages of cooperation.

The paragraph "Wartime" shows, that during this period identification «Kimry — the shoe capital» loses key value for edge; Kimry — a part of the system working for front. Poems on intrusion of German invaders appear in local «the Collective life» (A.Sinyov, K.Voronov, etc.); S.I.Petrov's front poems are created.

The city is exposed to bombardments — in V.I.Korkunova's sketch «air touches to Kimry» they are in detail described. In Kimry there is an original expression: «a New Year's gift of the Fuhrer» [19] (about the bombs dumped on December, 29th, 1941). M.A.Gladilova and T.I.Olenevoj's autodocumentary certificates are resulted for the best understanding of atmosphere of military men Kimr. Here its some elements: the glasses stuck
Paper strips, boxes with sand for bombs, a blackout, watches, child labour, etc.

P.P.Dudochkina's texts from a cycle «Kimrsky sketches» are on a joint of a sketch and a propaganda material; some of them are intentionally naturalistic (descriptions of atrocities of fascist aggressors), others are rhetorical; later novel «Its destiny» which action occurs in premilitary and a wartime in Kimry (this first large product which plot is connected with a city) is worthy. On an example nadomnitsy, the character with the same name «the Kimrsky sketch», Dudochkin was created by an image kimrjachki (any more kimrjanki) military years. In «Its destiny» the image has received the further development (kimrjachka-sapozhnitsa).

In research the attention is focused on not complete evacuation of the equipment of factories and factories. Here too the reference to memoirs sources — D.S.Sheludjakova and M.Maninoj's to certificates is necessary. In works of art evacuation is mentioned once — in the novel «Its destiny» of P.P.Dudochkina.

In the dissertation F.I.Panferov's trilogy «Struggle for the world» in which a prototype of pilot Michael Kukushkina became kimrjak, the Hero of Soviet Union A.V.Kisljakov is considered. The image of the modest, self-denying person, got terrible burns in air fights, but psychologically not broken is shown. Further we address to creativity of the writer-marine painter, the native of Kimrsky area M.I.Bozhatkina; us his letter published in the regional newspaper in which he welcomes fellow countrymen «from operating fleet» [20] is revealed. Subsequently Kimry repeatedly will appear in its novels, stories and poems — in which the image of edge is artly recreated. M.I.Bozhatkina's Kimrsky heritage — rich enough also can serve as object of separate research; In the dissertation its two poems are resulted, in one of which the generalised image Kimr is given — "factories" and "arable lands" [21] are mentioned, another is devoted the small native land — with nostalgia the poet recollects the "barefoot" and "ragged" [22] childhood.

In research memoirs of front-line soldiers, by T.S.Ljadsky and M.A.Ljamina, in which Kimry — intermediate, a reloading point are resulted

— Are presented by "good small town» and "vacation spot".

Events of 1945 have caused in Kimry splash in poetic activity (A.Ivanov, E.Menkova, etc.). The products devoted to the Victory (and is wider

— To the Great Patriotic War) develop inhabitants of the country in a certain global supertext — on the basis of similar words, emotions, feelings. It some kind of an epoch phenomenon.

In the paragraph «From post-war years to reorganisation» products on which basis in the dissertation the next stage of formation «kimrskogo the text» is analyzed are presented. A.A.Fadeeva's letter is resulted
kimrjakam, till 2012 (when it has been transferred by the author of research to composers of the anthology «the City of Kimry in fiction and publicism» [23]) not published outside of Kimr.

Here M.A.Rybakova's products are entered into a research context. Its novels — attempt to create the trilogy similar to the trilogy of A.M.bitter. Taking into account considered before texts becomes obvious, in what form inhabitants Kimr carry out self-identification experience. «Kimry — shoe capital» — the steady expression supported in a city and area by posters, metal signs, products of masters of an applied art, etc. it confirms Products Rybakova with works of writers — in its novels the kimrjak-shoemaker (both as the handicraftsman-single, and as the worker of a collective workshop is presented; separate opposition: «a merchant — the shoemaker»), it is described kimrskaja fair (multinational, noisy, with an abundance of the goods and entertainments, buffoonery), landscape features of a place are resulted. Novels Rybakova — one of key autostereotypic certificates in which in a new fashion, independently, the local image is formed.

The image Kimr finds reflexion and in poems. More often it is connected with unusual phonetic accord "k-mr" (A.A.Voznesensky), than with real description Kimr or subject reprezentatsiej a locus (V.A.Kostrov). Texts "from the outside" (heterostereotype) and "from within" (autostereotype) are consistently analyzed. I.M.Solovyova, G.K.Zamkova, V.A.Palionis, I.P.Frolov, N.I.Shareeva's characteristic poems are allocated. Osobost representations Kimr in texts of authors of this period: shoe manufacture, "okane" inhabitants, pride of a craft, building of apartment houses etc. For the purpose of development of an image Kimr poems are compared with texts of authors of last years: J.G.Maksimenko, L.O.Starshinovoj, L.I.Kuljandrovoj (a constant: « The small small town »), O.V.Fedotovoj (« happiness here »), etc. Comes to light investment Kimr with"sacral"lines (at Starshinovoj, Fedotovoj, V.F.Tokmakova, JU.V.Karasev, Frolov, Palionis). In texts lines of a locus open new (and prove to be true known): an obelisk (Frolov, Kuljandrova), Volga (Frolov, Maksimenko, Karasev, Fedotova, Starshinova, Kuljandrova, Tokmakov), theatre (Frolov), the Kletinsky pine forest (SHareev), shoe business, trade (Maksimenko), Zareche — Voznesensky church (Karasev). The basic mifologemy edges are in details developed in texts of local poets. We come to conclusion, that V.V. Abasheva's thesis about perception of a locus its inhabitants as world centre we will apply to the majority of local texts.

Echo of the capital or other text placed in exotic scenery, N.J.Mandelshtam's memoirs sound. Savyolovo, as area Kimr, it is found out in J.V.Trifonova's diaries. Certain isolation Savyolova from Kimr is obvious. Geographically Savyolovo still
Remains area Kimr, but from the literary point of view it is an independent location, acknowledgement to that are, for example, «savyolovsky a cycle» O.E.Mandelshtama, V.A.Sharova, G.A.Andreeva's texts, etc.

V.I.Belova's memoirs open new data on communication with Kimry M.M.Prishvina and F.I.Panferov (acknowledgement not accidents of occurrence in their texts kimrskih motives). «The shoe paradigm» is reflected in A.N.Rybakova's novel «Heavy sand":"Even before revolution many shoemakers at us produced footwear on sale. it is final, our city not Kimry, our factory not"Fast walker", but produces absolutely quite good 24

Production. »

The shoe theme also has found in the "Afghani" texts (B.L.smartly, A.Borisova, A.G.Borovika, M.V.Semyonovoj, F.V.Razumovsky and V.Ivanov) reflexion kimrskaja. The name "kimry" concerns now not a city, and to made in a city krossovkam. The Afghani texts — heterostereotype displays in relation to Kimry; in them there are no traces of acquaintance to local representations.

The final has undressed chapter 1 «Kimry in modern fiction and publicism» opens the paragraph of "1990th» . Promptly growing information of the country, occurrence of set of literary Internet sites and simultaneously reduction of a role of paper mass-media in an information exchange, force to reconsider principles of selection of texts. We note the most representative certificates. For example, whether V.A.Sharova's novels «to me to regret» and «Be as children», which time of action — the first years/decades of the Soviet power. In the first the myth about isolation Kimr is discredited — character Sharova finds set of acquaintances, including exiled in Kimry. Kimry is presented as insignificant settlement, hardly probable has not sat down, that disperses from a number of the pre-revolutionary certificates, naming Kimru-has sat down "city". Reconsideration — time symptom. In the second novel it is mentioned Savyolovo — regardless to Kimry; it is historically fair: the settlement on a right bank of Volga in 1933 — as follows from the text — was called Savyolovom.

Conformable to time there were notes about Kimry A.I.Solzhenitsyna who has visited here in 1996 Describing present Kimr, the writer does digression to settlement history, is quite expected concentrating on a shoe craft. A sign of the time period: it is a question of former glory kimrskih obuvshchikov.

«pomyshlenie about Kimry» B.A.Akhmadullina is in avant-guard of new heterostereotype Kimr: «heart Capital vossijali Kimry» [24 [25]. Whereas self-identification kimrjakov is displaced aside periferijnosti. Writers and travellers come to Kimry behind unusual impressions (special interest during the newest time causes «the wooden
Modernist style »), townsmen feel isolation from the main processes occurring in the country more sharply.

The relation to a city with a piety is distinctly traced in local texts of 1990th (before occurrence in Kimry of the Internet): N.M.Barhatovoj, A.R.Zavjalovoj, O.P.Sitnovoj, etc. Poem Sitnovoj "Kimry" — the second after SHvedova the poetic transposition of history Kimr filled with markers kimrskogo of life.

Products of 2000th (the paragraph «the Latest mentions Kimr (2000-2014) ») are considered in comparison hetero-and an autostereotype, confirming the law revealed earlier. Authors of texts"from the outside": L.A.Anninsky (which has a correlation to Kimry of words« kimrogimnija "," kimrogenija »), V.F.Kravchenko (the marking shoe craft describing life Kimr), M.B.Baru (a creating myth about« capital of a wooden modernist style »), I.M.Mihajlov (representing Kimry a basten and fantastic place), B.O.Kutenkov (connecting Kimry with names of the writers who have visited here), E.Jablonskaja (continuing a theme of a wooden modernist style). The autostereotype is presented G.A.Andreeva's by texts (in which sketches nostalgia on the past), A.V.semiboat (developing a theme of" a wooden modernist style »is notable), A.Rybina (describing Kimry exclusively in gloomy tones), S.V.Titov (which lyrical character suffers from loneliness and perceives the world — mainly — in minor tones), Century Solovyovoj (concentrating on nostalgia on the past), A.S.Ryzhovoj (continuing a myth about Kimry as «the world centre»).

Now in publicistic (mainly) and art texts even more often address to the negative phenomenon connected with Kimry — narcotisms; the city in a number of mass-media has got the new status: «small capital of a narcotism». Obviously, disclosing of this theme in fiction — future business, unique display for today (except for several not enough the convincing poems created kimrjakami): A.Rybina's story «My friend Vladislav Kugelman»; its detailed consideration allows to ascertain occurrence of a new image «the local hero» — the person without the present.

The analysis done in the head reveals the general, binding considered periods and the constants allocated in them (Volga/Kimrka, an inner world, Kimry as imperial village, microtoponymic gradation). However motives of a shoe craft and fairs are most representative. In the pre-revolutionary period the basis kimrskogo lives is defined by handicraftsmen - of the single and workshops prosperous kimrjakov; receive popularity and kimrskie fairs. During Soviet time of handicraftsmen-singles replace collective workshops, later — factories; instead of fairs there are markets. The most symptomatic modern texts are united by accurately traced line — nostalgia on the past.

In the dissertation the emphasis that Kimry is reflected in texts of writers of a different number, carriers of different sights is placed: "from the outside" and "from within". «The Kimrsky text» — also edge history, but artly comprehended. Basic cultural constants Kimr are quite often crossed with the historical. Literary and discourses of regional studies in sobytijnom the plan are close — only differently present events, comprehend them. On the basis of the analysis of texts the table (the Appendix see), reflecting bases of conceptual structure «kimrskogo the text» is made.

The chapter II «the Local biography» is devoted life and creativity studying (their local component) of some significant for Kimr writers. Structurally the head shares on five sections: «Rapprochement hetero-and autostereotypes on an example“ pomyshlenija about Kimry "B.A.Akhmadullina", «“ Far from Kimr ”: A.A.Fadeev and B.A.Akhmadullina», «“ 101st kilometre ”: O.E.Mandelshtam and M.M.Bakhtin», «“ the Sight from within ”: S.I.Petrov and M.A.Rybakov» and «Is art-literary space on crossing hetero-and autostereotypes».

The biographic component is important for more exact definition of the local text; also she allows to overcome rupture between of regional studies and literary discourses. In our case the biographic component helps with any measure to rethink «kimrsky the text». Multidimensionality to it is given by the facts and events from a life of writers — that connects texts in due course and space, opens conditions of their creation; together with it similar data help to avoid errors at the locus characteristic that is quite possible at the analysis only a text component. Considering a biographic context, we can create the complete description of literary history of edge is allows to solve a problem put by A.J.Sorochanom more precisely: «.kak changes of an image of region in the literature correspond with regional cultural processes and what laws of evolution of an image of a place» [26].

In the first section «Rapprochement hetero-and autostereotypes on an example“ pomyshlenija about Kimry "B.A.Akhmadullina" is analyzed the text in which there is a maximum rapprochement of sights "from the outside" and "from within"; in it we concentrate exclusively on the product, «kimrskaja the biography» B.A.Akhmadullina is investigated more low, in the corresponding paragraph. The facts which have formed a basis of a poem, do not lay on a surface; the historical comment is necessary for their understanding and judgement. It is carried out on the basis of allocated in Akhmadullina's text of constants: digression to village/city history; visitings Kimr by boyars, columns, princes and sovereigns; Savyolovsky machine-building factory; explosion of the Pokrovsk cathedral; a country churchyard at Skorbjashchensky church; city park — a place of carrying out of mass actions. Rapprochement hetero-and autostereotypes occurs because, that data on settlement Akhmadullina never happening in Kimry, scooped from stories kimrjachek, sanitarok therapeutic branch
Botkinsky hospital, and the literature of regional studies. In several stanzas the poet creates abstract, partly a schematical image Kimr.

In the first paragraph «A.A.Fadeev: on the small native land» the second section («“ Far from Kimr ”: A.A.Fadeev and B.A.Akhmadullina»), reveal kimrskie episodes of a life of the writer. The first essential addition to its biography is record of the metric book of the Pokrovsk cathedral with data on a christening of the writer — it is entered for the first time into a scientific turn. The central place in the paragraph is occupied with descriptions of official arrival Fadeeva to Kimry and its informal visits to a city. The first has taken place in 1941 — shortly before the Great Patriotic War beginning. In research memoirs of eyewitnesses of this event are considered: A.Nikitin, P.P.Dudochkina, O.Smirnovoj, A.V.Ognyova. In post-war years Fadeev some times informally visited Kimry. Such two cases are known: arrival to V.S.Shevryginu together with writer F.I.Panferov, and also the visiting described by N.Belvederskim and A.Barabanovym, met Fadeeva in Kimry.

"kimrskim" text Fadeeva his letter kimrjakam In it apart is 1946 unique and was "officially informed on glory of" remarkable masters of a handicraft work of footwear »[27], not grown dim and during the Soviet period. Fadeev which identifies itself with Kimry more than formally, simulates an accessory to the small native land (exclusively in the text), remaining the"central"author, instead of"peripheral".

In the paragraph «B.A.Akhmadullina: with melancholy across Russia» the description is under construction first of all on the basis of collected by the author of the dissertation of memoirs kimrskih sanitarok, working in therapeutic branch of Botkinsky hospital. The nonrandomness of occurrence of images of a city and sanitarok in Akhmadullina's creativity proves to be true not only texts of poems — fragments from a cycle «the Deep faint», «Memories Simona CHikovani» and «Six days of a non-existence not an essence zero.» — but also a number of statements of the poet in magazine "Banner".

T.A.Bykova who has become by the main heroine "kimrskih" of poems of Akhmadullina, has in details told about a hospital life, the character of the poet received from it gifts. T.V.Korostelev talked to the poet about history Kimr, brought to it the literature of regional studies; she recollects Akhmadullina's request to put candles before an icon Iversky Bozhiej Mothers — Patronesses Kimr. Sanitarki marked dushevnost Akhmadullina, inquisitiveness, an openness — that was reflected and in "kimrskih" poems of the poet. Akhmadullina's "Kimrsky" biography is an experience of fixing of an image of a city «from the party».

In the paragraph «O.E.Mandelshtam: last poems» it is considered kimrsky a stage of the biography of the poet. The error (present at all biographies Mandelshtama) is corrected: not settlement Savyolovo, and Kimry was a place of stay of the poet in summer and autumn months 1937.
In August, 1934 VTSIK has decided to attach to located on the left coast of Volga to a city some adjacent villages in which number was also right-bank Savyolovo. «The Savyolovsky cycle» (expression V.A.Schweitzer) keeps within in «chronological and local tsiklizatsii», used by the poet. The unification of the "local" and "cultural" associations [28] reflected in texts (for example, the description of landscape features and the maintenance of the newspaper "Truth", etc.) is notable. In the dissertation the opposition «the centre — periphery» is established. Lubochnost Savyolova («konkovye log huts») it is opposed an image of capital («And in Moscow you, dark-browed.» [29]); provinciality Kimr is embodied and in an image of the local resident — mad kosarja.

For half a year of stay in Kimry Mandelshtam has created some poems; to us three of them are known: «Parohodik with cocks», «On slopes, Volga, rush, Volga, rush.» (Are found by E.G.Gershtejn) and "stanzas" (it is revealed V.A.Schweitzer). Texts «savyolovskogo a cycle» basically were devoted to E.E.popovoj — to it then the poet has been carried away. In various sources other poems (they are not found) were mentioned also: "Circassian", "Kanalsky" and the text in which the poet condemns a death penalty. Within the limits of research we concentrate attention to different interpretations in "savyolovskih" poems Mandelshtama: researchers have found out the texts which have been written down not by the poet, and S.B.Rudakov and E.E.popovoj accordingly. In the dissertation nuances of display of an image Kimr come to light: first of all, it is landscape features («Against the friend — for sins, for sins—/Coast stand the rough.»; «Parohodik with cocks / On the sky floats.», Etc.) . In «savyolovskom a cycle» O.E.Mandelshtama can be found and description elements of "a wooden modernist style» («For konkovyh log huts tops.»). In the paragraph psychological motives of products — dynamics of experiences and moods of the lyrical hero are considered. The new judgement of a poem «On slopes Is offered, Volga, rush, Volga, rush.» In particular, the word-combination «rough coast» is analyzed: here and throwings of the lyrical hero between the wife and a beloved, and the response to political conditions in the country, etc. is paid attention and to features of rhythmic construction of a poem (amfimakr in the first and fifth verses of everyone pjatistishja). Also into a scientific turn are entered J.G.Stogova's memoirs, the eyewitness of stay O.E.Mandelshtama in Kimry, informed new data about kimrskom the period of a life of the poet.

The following paragraph is devoted M.M.Bakhtin («M.M.Bakhtin: a five-years period“ Rabelaiss ”»), arrived to Kimry on October, 26th, 1937 on February, 13th, 1938 have performed M.M.Bakhtin terrible operation — have amputated a foot. Surgical "procedure" was spent elderly, but magnificent, according to the scientist, by the surgeon. It was a question and of amputation of the second foot. On a question
V.D.Duvakina: «to you have offered to rescue the second, yes?» Bakhtin has answered: «Yes. It is necessary to tell, there the surgeon was magnificent, magnificent there was a surgeon» [30]. The surgeon, Bakhtin, V.P.Arsenyev, distant descendant M.J.Lermontov was operating — this conclusion on the basis of the analysis of materials of 1930th is made in the dissertation.

Till 1945 Bakhtin worked as the teacher of history, German language and the Russian literature — the last is noted by official orders, but is present at memoirs of pupils (some details of office activity of Bakhtin are corrected on the basis of archival materials). In conversation with G.I.Mozzhuhinoj it was possible to get new data about kimrskom a stage of a life of Bakhtin, about features of its person, in particular, about the unsociability, the raised insistence at lessons etc.

In Kimry Bakhtin has finished work «Francois Rabelais in realism history», «Additions and changes to“ Rabelais ”», and also has created a number of texts, the majority from which are draught or preparatory. In total "kimrskih" M.M.Bakhtin's texts, including works about Rabelais, — fifteen.

In the paragraph devoted by S.I.Petrov («S.I.Petrov: a feat of the soldier»), we address by a life and creativity of the poet who was lost in 1941 in German camps. Potretov Petrov practically has not remained. The only thing accessible to us, the description is resulted in «Diaries of the writer» by P.P.Dudochkina: «Average growth, a handsome man, with a dense chestnut-coloured forelock on a hair parting, in embroidered by cornflowers Russian kosovorotke, it was remembered to me very cheerful when on a summer scene of a city garden with excitement read:“ Hi, the sun, hi, gold, / Give me a hand the light ”» [31]. S.I.Petrov was born in Kaljazine on July, 6th, 1914 In a childhood has moved to Kimry. « Its first poems concern the school period, with an exit of literary page has started to be printed in our newspaper »[32], — is told in Petrov's biography in« the Literary collection »(1935). From it we learn, that in 1935 S.I.Petrov, the 21-year-old young man, was the constant author of the regional newspaper« Collective life », that it« the most active member litkruzhka », and also — managing an agro-museum (sic!) at the House of the peasant. Two years after Peters — a member of a bureau literaturnoyotvorcheskoj groups in teacher's college of M.I.Kalinina. During Peter's same period marries K.A.Orlovoj, after a while at pair son Boris is born. In Kimry Petrov becomes the director of school-devjatiletki, whence in 1939 is called in army. During the premilitary period actively is engaged in creativity. Petrov's poems were published in« the Krasnoarmejsky truth »(along with"Vasily Tyorkinym"A.T.Tvardovsky), the newspaper« For the Soviet Native land », etc.

Kimrsky theme in lyric poet Petrov — periferijna; judging by letters and memoirs, it planned to become the poet not regional scale.
Kimry has inspired Petrov on the poetical image of the nature, even there where directly the city is not shown. The poet finds bright images: «the Late evening blows at a well, / Month bends a crimson arch","you zolotish sinevoju/svesistyh maples a number","a pale tape of dawns","smoke dew in beams at dawn», etc. Only in three poems us local realities are found out. The first — dedication to the newspaper: «I Congratulate the newspaper on growth / And I am proud fighting strokoj./every day you clearly and simply / you Talk to me» (by a decade of "the Collective life»). The second — contains landscape feature of a place: «.tumany/Again will pass over Volga». The third — opens a number of "military" poems of Petrov: « Bore November a growing grey drizzle, / Scattering leaves serebrom./.vshlipyvala the maid at a fence, / Seeing off the darling on front./Znala Masha: the darling will not return, / And bitter tear slid, / It Remembers, how at this well / to it long-awaited skazal./Well and after, with morning zaryoju, / Were pulled to station voza./the swarthy train / Was surprised And the station »longed on recruits. Giving of human lines to station (« longed on recruits ») corresponds with the transferred sensation of fast loss. In a sense it is possible to name a poem prophetical: the text is devoted recruits of 1912 of a birth; after two years on front Petrov — by a swarthy train from"longing"station will go also. These details — it is doubtless, kimrskie (at all neutrality of the description).

The final biographic paragraph is devoted M.A.Rybakovu («M.A.Rybakov: from glory to oblivion»). The writer has lived the life most part in Kimry, one of the first in Kalininsky area has entered the Union of writers of the USSR, has written some plays and novels. In its products the life kimrskogo edges since imperial times is described (from the moment of a birth of the author) to 1930th the Writer planned to tell about a life of a province in days of the Great Patriotic War and military actions at the front — in the novel «Uneasy time». However to finish the book was not in time.

In the dissertation stages of its course of life are in details considered, creative formation the attention to a fatal meeting with A.M.bitter after which Fishermen the Shoemaker refuses pseudonym Makar, in particular, is paid and starts creation of the — similar Gorki — trilogies. As the creative heritage of the writer is volume (it can serve as object of separate research), in work its some aspects are presented only. We consider and add in research separate episodes in which Kimry is characterised.

Example Rybakova keeps within frameworks of the concept described by V.A.Koshelev in article "About" literary ”a province and literary"provinciality"of new time":"Provincial culture, unlike farmstead (in Kimry its"representative"— A.A.Golenitsev-Kutuzov. — Century K), always was under construction with indispensable ogljadkoj on capital — and, accordingly, had, first of all, criterion of"correlation"with
Capital level. »[33] last is essential."Provincial"Fishermen imitated"capital"Bitter; novels Rybakova, certainly, do not maintain comparison with the trilogy of the classic.

The head the section «finishes Is art-literary space on crossing hetero-and autostereotypes» in which it is underlined, that studying of local biographies (in aggregate with the description and the analysis of texts) is essential to literary study of local lore as allocation only the local text or only a local component of the biography will limit research by frameworks of a concrete discourse — of regional studies or literary. In our opinion, in similar work crossing of discourses, as in the local text — heterostereotype and autostereotype crossing is necessary.

In the head some types of construction of the local biography are shown, each of which can influence formation «kimrskogo the text». S.I.Petrov and M.A.Rybakov represent an autostereotype of a different kind; Fishermen imitates a literary canon, in Petrov's texts it is felt big — not opened — potential. O.E.Mandelshtam (in its texts the heterostereotype is presented) — the capital author who has appeared in an "exotic" place. At M.M.Bakhtin (heterostereotype) the relation to Kimry is reflected in letters and notes; the proceedings created in a city, to «kimrskomu to the text» have no relation. B.A.Akhmadullina's texts show the maximum rapprochement hetero-and autostereotypes. A.A.Fadeev in spite of the fact that was born in Kimry, the autostereotype carrier as a matter of fact is not; unique it "kimrsky" the text — the letter to fellow countrymen.

In the Conclusion researches are summed up. In the dissertation there is a correlation of an image of the place recreated in products, to a biographic component. It, in our opinion, in the best way promotes exact identification of the local text in that case when its signs remain indistinctly designated.

Basis «kimrskogo the local text» in the Russian literature art reflexion of trading and industrial specificity Kimr (has made a shoe craft — an original synonym of a city), and also creation of psychological types of the heroes connected with a craft. Other constants allocated in the course of the description "kimrskih" of texts, are reflected in the table (Appendix): here constants, and also words and the expressions used for their designation during each time period (pre-revolutionary time, the Soviet period, new Russia) are presented. In aggregate it allows to reconstruct base structure «kimrskogo the text».

The specified constants help to see simultaneously the general (an image of a city) and various (its some lines) — myths, actual knowledge, autodocumentary certificates model this synthetic image.

Even fluent acquaintance to words and the expressions modelling specificity Kimr, helps to present, with what development of an image of a place is connected. Before the carried out research it was impossible, as diverse texts with variety of certificates (in each of them different cultural constants could be shown) did not allow to present a situation as a whole. Having studied the table, it is possible to draw an unequivocal conclusion (as it is proved in the dissertation): real history Kimr can be read and through art texts.

In most cases products of local authors allow to define a parity of a province literary and provinces geographical (about what it is spoken, for example, in V.A.Koshelev's article [34]) thereof — them and secondariness, and "domashnosti" [35] — detailed literaturovedchesky the analysis of texts of local authors is represented unproductive. In aggregate they appear as «the family» (living in the space and on the, including literary, to laws): «This phenomenon“ motley ”and internally inconsistent unification of different people — a detail only Russian and only provincial» [36]. In work those products which are necessary for research objectives are analyzed only.

In the Appendix the table of words and the expressions connected with key kimrskimi by constants (three sections correspond to epoch of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and new Russia) is presented, folklore and dialect features kimrskogo edges are resulted, and also the additional materials devoted to rhymes to a word "Kimry" and anniversaries, are given by A.A.Fadeeva connected with a name.

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A source: KORKUNOV VLADIMIR VLADIMIROVICH. the KIMRSKY LOCAL TEXT In the RUSSIAN LITERATURE. The dissertation author's abstract on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2015. 2015

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