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THE CONCLUSION

the "Small" prose occupied in creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova the important place, in it many lines of creative individuality ­ of the writer were defined­. Summing up, it is possible to notice, that subjects of stories, sketches and ­ fairy tales of the Sokolov-Mikitova are various enough and caused not only interests of the writer, but also the developed historical situation.

Thus the author of set of products for children and adults has developed in the course of the creative activity unique style - figurative, lyrical, ­ based on folklore tradition.

We have considered military stories as the most significant part ­ of early creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova. At insufficient, by many estimations, in the Russian ­ literature the creative heritage left the direct ­ participant of events is especially valuable coverage of the topic of the First World War and revolution­­. On the general background stories of the wartime belonging to a feather of the young writer, are allocated with the objectivity and a quiet manner of a narration, in a counterbalance "bodrjachestvu" the popular literature.

During the period with 1915 for 1920 the Sokolov-Mikitov has written some ­ stories on following themes: front events by eyes of the military hospital attendant («Here and there», «With a stretcher»), everyday life of military aircraft ("Glebushka", «By the air ship»), back problems ("Deficiency", «the Ends creative ­ impulses of the person in gloomy conditions of a wartime (search»), ­ for "Whisper ­ of colours», «the Poet and a grey cat»). The basic artistic touch in these stories is opposition - «entrenchments - back», «the - the stranger», «a life - death» etc. the Antithesis helps to underline tragic element of an event­. The big attention is given to reflexions about destiny of the country and the people during the heavy period, thus materials have traditional patriotic character.

the Sokolov-Mikitov mentions also specific, narrower themes: for example, motives, driving the person at the front, - in particular presence ­ of women among soldiers and draught of the person for sufferings. In a number of stories the author's position in relation to a problem «children and war» is shown. On the one hand, the story-teller feels natural fear which is transferred ­ to the reader. On the other hand, the problem is opened and from the objective point of view, is realistic is illustrated by the facts and examples from a life.

Specificity of artistic realisation of the given problematics that during this period the Sokolov-Mikitov only begins the way. Reserved style, ocherkovyj character of prose is gradually replaced by a living language and style riches. As a result the considered products can ­ be characterised differently from the point of view of artistry. Nevertheless, we establish arising traditions, formation of creative principles of the writer. First of all, it is truthfulness of a narration, riches of vision and psychologism. The Sokolov-Mikitov improves the skill of the landscape writer. Colour, a sound, synthetic ­ elements, such as intraliterary synthesis (for example, poetry and prose synthesis), ekfrasis, an art detail become poetics basic elements­.

We have paid attention to a historicism problem in creativity of Sokolov - Mikitova. Stories and sketches of the writer cannot be considered separately from history of Russia, no less than from its biography as historical events ­ in the homeland and behind its limits were the main mechanism of creative ­ search.

Thus research of a creative heritage of the Sokolov-Mikitova also has been caused by a historical situation owing to what the sight of the Soviet and modern researchers at its creativity a little differs­. However at conclusive art value of stories and sketches ­ of the Sokolov-Mikitova, its heritage does not waste the urgency during new time and from the point of view of a problematics, the maintenance.

the Historicism of creative thinking of the Sokolov-Mikitova is considered by us in two aspects: first, in a broad sense - through ­ time category,­ its openness, but thus conditionality concrete ­ istoricheskojepohoj; secondly, through the reference to the past of the country, the people, concrete people.

for the considered period in creativity of Sokolov - Mikitova the cycle «On the warm earth», based on children's memoirs ­ of the writer, impressions on a meeting with native places after wanderings, and also added with a retrospective view during more mature period became program­. The problematics ­ of products entering into it is wide, basically the destiny of various representatives of Russian people, in variety of its layers, in uneasy first decades of the XX-th century is shined. The basic motives in this block ­ of texts - opposition of the old and new worlds, motive of a way, road, ­ motive of transitivity. In some cases historical memory of the people and the nature becomes a description subject. It is applicable not only to stories ­ and sketches of 1920th, but also to later creativity of the writer.

the Emigrant period in the biography of the Sokolov-Mikitova gives the bases for the analysis in its creativity of a theme of perception of the native land from the party. We ­ analyse also judgement of experience of foreign travel of the writer, embodied in its creativity 1920-1930 Estimating surrounding ­ validity new eyes, the Sokolov-Mikitov has created set ­ of products on the rural subjects devoted to a life of new Russia, and has published a significant amount of so-called "voyages". We analyse cycles «Sea stories», «Letters from the sea» and other products.

the Sight home from the party in a context of a heritage of the Sokolov-Mikitova is first of all an estimation new in Russian national character. It is composite many products share by a principle of comparison of the hero of an old and new formation ("Son", "Dust").

Becoming the participant of fatal events for Russia, the Sokolov-Mikitov in the creativity has come to judgement and acceptance of a special way of Russia. In dissertational research its sights in a context of ideas of V.Soloveva and I.Ilyin are considered. This absence of blind, semi-official patriotism, aspiration to the truth image, to «the latent warmth» national patriotism­. The thinking of the writer was transformed from national in ­ universal, the writer comprehended universal through native, national, and it has affected system of characters. The basic motives of "Sea stories» - constant memoirs and homesickness and ­ continuous comparisons, correlation «» and "another's". The life of seamen not always maintains this comparison, however a variety of impressions and ­ familiarising with another's culture introduce in the text rich stylistics and a variety ­ of plots.

Specific voyages on subjects promoted time - vi-tiju poetics of the Sokolov-Mikitova. The volume increases, the composition of products becomes complicated. The tradition of use of national lexicon for lyricism strengthening, variety of colour, light images for transfer of feelings and experiences of heroes remains. Among new images - the through image of a fog illustrating motive of wandering and a distance from the native land; an unusual sound number for creation of a city landscape, synthetic metaphors («blue days»).

the nature Concept in creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova is considered by us through a prism of set of variants of relations of the person and ­ the world surrounding ­ it. In heavy for the country of 1920th the writer has preferred not to act ­ on a way of public struggle and has occupied a niche natural to it since the childhood therefore in its creativity in the foreground there were ­ stories for children and adults about Russian nature, animals and hunting.

Subsequently considerable influence on creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova in this direction was rendered by its numerous travel across Soviet Union. ­ The celebration of the person over elements, positive transformations of a life became the basic motive in written on the basis of these travel ocher ­
kah.

the Concept of the nature which has been put in pawn in Russian literature Prishvinym, evolved in creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova. The new world is not antagonistic ­ to the untouched nature, and is fully entered in it (a series of sketches ­«On a magpie kingdom»). As the perception of the nature definitely has been put in pawn by Sokolov - Mikitovym in the childhood, on border of the new and old worlds the mythological consciousness, folklore and religious representations intertwine.

In travelling sketches 1930-1960 considerably influence of traditions ­ of literary travel, Russian fairy tale; some signs of a genre hozhenija remain. Therefore it is composite many products are under construction on motive «met on a way» - the person, the phenomena, etc. Style of travelling sketches is caused by that the author becomes the witness of coexistence of the national, traditional beginning on the one hand and an urbanistic ­ way of life - with another. From here presence of epithets traditional for folklore and metaphors in the neighbourhood with geological, ecological, modern ­ realities.

Some aspects of a problematics and style of early works have been traced ­ by us in their evolution in later editions. In particular, ­ the relation to some transformations («On small river Nevestnitse») towards accent on their support by the writer is reconsidered­. The problem of relations of the nature and the person dares in these texts as follows: the primitive person ­ submitted the nature, and the modern person uses fruits of those ­ efforts; besides, the new person releases the earth from traditional covers and replaces people of the past.

Russian national character is most full opened by the writer in a cycle of sketches «White coast» - that is in severe conditions of northern ­ expedition. The parallel between the severe nature of the north and firm, proof character of the Russian, Soviet person to which thus not
the compassion is alien is drawn. With severe character of Russian researchers of the north comprehension of fragility, brevity of a human life contrasts. This thought causes the author's concept of wildlife management ­ and as a whole a problem «the person and the earth».

In stories 1940-1970 already generated concept of the nature, having by the basis biographic aspect is reflected. In our opinion, early familiarising with hunting and the love put in pawn since the childhood to Russian wood have generated the unique attitude of the Sokolov-Mikitova reflected in its products. First of all, the hero of tall stories concerns the nature with synovej love that is expressed in a through image of mother - of the earth. According to researchers, the national origin of the writer ­ provides «major attitude» [136] its stories as the story-teller ­ always feels a nature part («On the warm earth», "Glushaki").

Feature of tall stories, in our opinion, is ­ absence of the conflict between a life and death. Key characteristics of style of these texts - peaceful tone, use of the epithets expressing tenderness and love, laconicism, use of capacious details, multidimensional ­ touch space. The unification with the nature is often accompanied ­ by motive of loneliness which accompanies not only to people, but also animals ("Fursik", «Naidyonov a meadow»).

the Twentieth century has put ­ set of new questions and problems in this connection as marked, for example, V.A.Redkin, «philosophical pathos of products amplifies before writers and philosophers,­ there are eschatological motives» [137] . We observe this process in creative ­ evolution of the Sokolov-Mikitova. In the considered products 1910 - 1970 we observe evolution from opposition of a life and death in military stories to harmonious coexistence of a life and death. In ­ later products the eternal life of any phenomenon is provided in
historical memory of the people. Besides, in tall stories from ­ attitude of the hero the tragical perception of death leaves.

In a special way skill of the Sokolov-Mikitova has revealed in ­ products about the nature, addressed to the children's reader. Trying to transfer to children the unique relation to Russian nature, the author widely uses ­ national lexicon and syntax, characteristic for folklore texts ("Kuzovok"). In numerous landscape sketches and miniatures about ­ animals are reflected arhetipicheskie properties of all live, originating in national fairy tales («Wood pictures»).

the Basic motive of these products - pleasure of opening which ­ the story-teller shares with the reader. It is shown both in small descriptive sketches, and in the cycles drawing evolution of any phenomenon («From spring till the spring»). Ways of a narration vary from ­ besstrastnoobektivnogo to the contemplate.

We have separately considered didactic value of stories about the nature ­ which impart the careful relation to it, expand an outlook ­ of the reader. Thus the author abstains from instructive style and does not change to the principle of truthful reflexion of the validity. ­ Prominent feature is also the thin psychologism of author's ­ thinking ("White hair", "Brown").

Over cycles of children's stories the Sokolov-Mikitov worked throughout ­ several decades. Besides, we allocate and characterise ­ two creative stages when the writer concentrated on a writing of fairy tales: 1) a creativity initial stage, that is 191 0-1920 - basically household, magic fairy tales; 2) the late period, i.e. 1950-1960 - fairy tales on animals.

the Literary fairy tale of the Sokolov-Mikitova has the feature that the author was not the collector of folklore that is traditional for its predecessors, but its carrier. The author's originality of household fairy tales was showed that, except traditional characters (the soldier, the muzhik), on ­
new heroes with elements biografichnosti (the sailor, the hunter) were. ­ The developed exposition became an atypical element. Background presence ­ of Russian nature extends, including elements of national mythology ("Torocha").

the Analysis of products of the Sokolov-Mikitova was invariably carried out by us from the point of view of literary communications, continuity and traditions. Many aspects of creativity of the writer genetically go back to Old Russian literary tradition - first of all through folklore. These are such features ­ of its prose, as izobrazitelnost, a detail directing attention, ­ following to principles of abstraction and art generalisation, binarity of author's thinking, the patriotic maintenance. Christian motives are separately considered: religious reminiscences, motive ­ of road as a symbol of the course of life, miracles traditional for lives.

Besides, in work influence of the Russian literature of XIX ­ century, on love to which is tracked ­ the author specified also. The career of Sokolov - Mikitova has begun with polemic from L.N.Tolstoy though the heritage of the classic has in many respects affected a creative method of the Sokolov-Mikitova. In a context ­ of the modern literature considerably influence on early creativity of the writer so-called «remizovskoj schools». The separate attention is given ­ inheritance of traditions of I.A.Bunin - in the tideway of the literature on village remain buninskie traditions of language and style of products though the Sokolov-Mikitov differently approaches to a "rural" problematics.

In turn, the Sokolov-Mikitov too acted as the critic and the creativity has affected development of the Soviet literature (in particular, as the teacher G.Goryshina, instructor V.A.Soloukhin).

the Small prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova in a special way approaches to chronicles ­ of a country life and rural everyday life. Specificity of its approach that the life of Russian people as object of creative judgement ­ was considered by it not from the party as at predecessors (I.A.Turgenev, A.F.Pisemsky), and from within. The folklore acts as cultural and literary
a basis of all texts of the Sokolov-Mikitova who has been brought up on national creativity,­ in traditional images - such as demons, the Nightingale-robber, - and folklore plots. Besides, the writer actively used national language in the creativity. Speech of characters in stories about village is invariably painted stilisticheski - the author used national speech turns and proverbs.

Inherently the rural prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova is original and free ­ from ideological principles. It becomes frequent folklore in it an image subject. The Sokolov-Mikitov gives considerable attention to emotional, aesthetic influence of products of a folk art ­ on the person. Collected in products about village samples of speech national genres give them ethnographic value.

the peasantry Theme is embodied in stories of the Sokolov-Mikitova in ­ dynamics of development of national character and a life. As a result in creativity Soko - lova-Mikitova the generalised portrait of the simple Russian people for some decades of the XX-th century («On small river Nevestnitse», «On the earth­») and gallery of original characters («On stubs», «Kindej and kindeenok») is presented­. It is an archetype of the hero-traveller, the hunter, the robber. Unite their motives of wandering and utopian motives.

the reflexion about the present ­ and the future of Russian peasantry, the simple people becomes the Basic theme of rural prose­. Among the new phenomena ­ described by the Sokolov-Mikitovym, earth section, "state fund", courts.

the Pedagogical views of the Sokolov-Mikitova generated as a result of teacher's activity and paternity, have found reflexion in its creative heritage as directly, in the form of direct reasonings ("Source-city"), and oposredovanno, in the art form. Not casually ­ texts of the Sokolov-Mikitova traditionally are a teaching material of many domestic training courses connected with literature.

Program theses of a sight of the writer on a problem of training ­ modern to it of country children is a humanism, sincerity, calling. In
creativity of the writer the problem of preservation of Russian culture and cleanliness of the native language («Letters from village») is repeatedly shined. A style transparency, clearness of thought in "small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova in itself possess the big educational potential, help children to understand, that such good and beauty.

the Story-Utopia "Source-city" is a result of judgement the writer of such problems, as education of children, pedagogical calling of the teacher, ­ construction of ideal model of the person and a society. The city "constructed" by pupils, reflects their moral cleanliness and readiness for work. ­ Theses of the writer that principles of training ­ modern to it of country children should be humanism, sincerity, ­ teacher's self-sacrifice became program­­. In it is shown, that I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov sees in children potential for construction of the light future.

the Basic value of creative heritage I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova that it allows to look in a new fashion at destiny of Russia and its loving sons remaining patriots, despite all excitements of the XX-th century. The small prose of the writer is got by tenderness and respect for the native nature and ­ love to people and animals. The given research plans the further directions of studying of a heritage of the Sokolov-Mikitova and modern "small" prose, interest to which from the party literaturovedcheskoj sciences, possibly, in due course will increase only.

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A source: Bekbaeva Nadezhda Romanovna. "Small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova: a problematics and poetics. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2014. 2014

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