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the Problem of prototypes of protagonists dilogii

Vsevolod Sergeevich Nightingales in mystical dilogii, consisting of novels "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser», were created by a light image of the priest of an island of Nikolay who has become in these products rezonerom of the author.

There is a question: whether priest Nikolay from novels "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser» had a real prototype [790] , or this character completely is a fruit of literary fiction?

in A.V.Leksinoj's devoted to creativity Vs the dissertational research. Soloveva, the thought expresses, that the younger brother of the novelist, philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovev was a prototype of this character. The judgement is given reason by that the protagonist dilogii Jury Zaharev-Ovinov is possible the stepbrother of an island to Nikolay [791] . However this point of view is disputable to what a number of documentary materials testifies.

In the book «Vladimir Solovev: the life and creative evolution» is available the reasonably interesting remark for us: «Between Vsevolodom and Vladimir since an early youth fierce enmity has begun. Almost boys they have faced foreheads when have fallen in love with cousin Katya Romanov. To the brother < Vsevolod Ńĺđăĺĺâč÷> concerned with contempt and malignant gossip, that that hopes to become the Roman cardinal» [792] . In view of absence at brothers Solovevyh of psychological affinity and the general sights (and also taking into consideration an antipathy of the writer to Vladimir Solovevu), we have the right to assume, that the known philosopher could not become a prototype of priest Nikolay in novels "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser».

Naturally there is a question: who from persons close to the writer could become a prototype of father Nikolay - most light of all heroes mystical dilogii Vsevoloda Soloveva? Sacred just John (Sergiev, an archpriest) Kronstadt could become this person. As argument in favour of the given version we will result certificates of friends and relatives of the writer, and also we will compare the text of novels "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser» with written sermons of an island of John and certificates of its spiritual children and biographers.

On supervision of critic P.V.Bykova, «father Nikolay involuntarily caused in the reader memoirs on dead John Kronshtadtskom» [793] . This remark represents for us special value as it proceeds from the person who was knowing the novelist personally and were the contemporary of the well-known priest. Island Sergy of Nightingales already quoted by us noticed, that, unlike the father and brothers, Vsevolod Sergeevich «was orthodox [794] with affinity to father John Kronshtadtskomu which christened its children» [795] . This fact allows to assume, that sacred just John Kronshtadtskogo's relations and the writer had close and friendly character. Quite probably, that the novelist became the spiritual son of the eminent pastor. Father Sergy of Nightingales wrote, that «John Kronshtadtsky, having read novels (means mystical dilogija), spoke:« Ah, Vsevolod Sergeevich! What you serdtsevedets! » [796]

the Thematic and textual affinity of the manuals said in dilogii by father Nikolay, with reflexions and St. John Kronshtadtskogo's sermons, also speaks well for our version.

For example, in the novel "Magicians" priest Nikolay, convicting proud maloverie prince Jury, says following lecture on a theme bogoobshchenija and prays: «Know as well that if in your reason or your heart would creep in though the slightest doubt if though for a uniform short instant you have told to yourself that the God can not hear you, It can not give you what you ask from it, - you become unworthy to receive prosimoe, and you not in the forces to accept gifts of love and to transfer to their near. You also will appeal in vain, your voice will stand, not having risen to the Throne of the Bearer of all blessings» [797] .

This manual of the invented hero rather close to the thoughts expressed by St. John Kronshtadtskim in the book «My life in the Christ»,
which was a fruit of its long-term concentrated reflexions, sozertsany and prays. It is quite natural, that some aspects of the doctrine of the great devotee of piety have found expression in sermons and conversations of an island of John which could listen Vsevolod to Nightingales. The writer had possibility to familiarise with the printing version of lectures of the known priest.

we Will note thematic and partly textual similarity of manuals of an island of Nikolay and some statements of an island of John which, in particular, wrote: «And happens often, that the person prays and internally heart does not hope, that its sins will be forgiven, including them as though above the Divine mercy. For that, really, does not receive a pardon. uncertainty in reception prosimogo at the God - an abuse on the God » [798] . Or: «When you pray about something to the Lord or Presvjatoj the Virgin (or to Angela, or Sacred), asking their petitions for or near before the God, - then the words expressing your pardon, esteem for the things, for the business» [799] . The affinity of the resulted citations with set phrases of an island of Nikolay in the novel specifies that by working out of an image of the given character the writer, apparently, was under deep impression of dialogue with father John.

One of the main themes of sermons and St. John Kronshtadtskogo's conversations was Bozhie mercy. Feeling belief decline, the wise pastor specially paid attention of the listeners to this fundamental property of the divine person of the Christ, wishing to clear at the followers love and trust to the God.

In novels "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser» priest Nikolay says a number of the lectures turned both to the main things, and to incidental characters. The theme of divine mercy and divine care about the person becomes in them central and basic.

In the novel «Great Rozenkrejtser» an island Nikolay characterises the spiritual experience: «long I prayed, long understood the soul, at last, have solved with trembling, but with hope of the God, on Its mercy , on Its support and much has understood» [800] (it is underlined by me - E.N.). This statement of an island of Nikolay rather close (both thematically, and it it is textual) to a fragment from the book «My life in the Christ» where St. John, recollecting the last life, wrote: «Long I did not know in all clearness as strengthening of our soul from Spirit Sacred is necessary. Now Multimercy has allowed to me to learn, how it is necessary» [801] .

In the novel «Great Rozenkrejtser» Vsevolod Nightingales has created a collateral line in which has described sad history of ruined family Metlinyh of noble family.

the Head of this family, the person about fifty years, a large strong constitution, its person has still kept traces of thoroughbred beauty and nobleness. But long deprivations, misfortunes and drunkenness of last months have deformed this person, have given to it painful odutlovatost, and all this big, strongly emaciated figure has somehow shrivelled, has stooped and made pity impression, spoke about falling, feebleness. Being under the influence of alcohol all last time, Metlin ceased to distinguish clearly the validity from hallucinations, all mixed up together. He lived the, any fantastic life. Veins in bright, painful I go, to it persons seemed nonexistent actually, and these persons were so are real, notable, that he spoke with them, and they answered it. Easier speaking, Metlin went mad. Being a hereditary rich nobleman, the landowner, it has quarrelled once with the rich influential relatives then they have worn out Metlina on courts and have seized almost all its property (remained the part has left on fee of lawyers and court), and its manor
wives, the last, that at them remains, has burnt down. Metliny have appeared in the street. At them the son has died, there was a daughter. But Metlin did not lose neither self-controls, nor spirit. All also hoped for the God, hotly prayed. But lately has psychologically cracked, the beginnings strongly to drink, go mad. Father Nikolay, morally and with property has helped Metlinu, having asked Zinu Kamenevu to put in for its a word before the empress. Metlina have restored in all regalia, have returned property and manors, it has received the high rank. Then family Metlina has moved to live in a palace. When there was a possibility to punish the offenders on all severity, Metlin did not begin to do it, besides after conversation from an island Nikolay. But has shown mercy, having thanked thereby the God for its kindness.

Thanks to spiritual support and the patronage of the wise priest these people return pleasure of a life and get again social well-being, having received unexpected favour from Catherine II. In conversation with Metlinym father Nikolay says following manual: « the God miloserd (it is underlined by me - E.N.). It comes to the aid of weakness

the human... It will come to you to the aid immediately. I promise you it. And when you will see, refuse on eyelids harm and wash the sinful soul good and love («Century R», with. 54).

In this connection we will result one more fragment from the book of an island of John Kronshtadtskogo «My life in the Christ»: «the God is long-suffering and miloserd to you; you test it every day repeatedly» [802] .

In the novel ending «Great Rozenkrejtser» an island Nikolay, seeing positive changes in a spiritual life of the protagonist, Jury Zahareva-Ovinova, enthusiastically exclaims: «it is a lot of changes, it is a lot of mercy Divine it is necessary all of us! "("Century R», with. 200. It is underlined by me - E.N.). The prince burdened by burden of sins, made to meetings with priest Nikolay, and not having found firm and firm belief, tests certain doubts and states uncertainty in possibility Divine
favour and own well-being. Father Nikolay edifies it again: «But the mighty, deeply convinced voice of the pastor Christ's already sounded over it:

- For you the happiness for it is infinite Bozhie mercy » ("VR"is possible still, with. 203. It is underlined by me - E.N.).

This short lecture placed Vs. Solovevym in the novel ending, it is textually close to John Kronshtadtskogo's following reflexion: «Jesus Christ with the Father and Spirit Sacred is not investigated abyss of philanthrophy. In this abyss of mercy will get much for all to favour. Only address to the God with veroju, a hope and warm boleznovaniem about nepravdah the, about the insults caused by us to the Lord, the Lord and the Benefactor» [803] .

Comparison of texts dilogii Vs. Soloveva and St. John Kronshtadtskogo's books allows to consider as its prototype of priest Nikolay. However to speak about full identity of the well-known priest and the literary character it is not necessary. As is known, «by means of art fiction the writer, even making a start from a prototype [804] , creates not copies of really living people, and the artistic images possessing force of seduction and bearing in an author's estimation» [805] .

In this connection we would like to note one feature dilogii. Action of novels develops in Catherine the Great epoch while St. John lived on boundary XIX-XX of centuries. The writer used character of the confessor as model for creation of an image of priest Nikolay convicting proud disbelief Zahareva-Ovinova. At the character dilogii Nikolay's island is also some invented lines. Unlike St. John, it came not from Arkhangelsk, and from the Pskov province, studied not in
St.-Petersburg, and in Kiev, had arrival not in a city, and in village. On - visible, having introduced in novels these changes, the writer tried to avoid (in perception of readers) full identity of the Kronstadt pastor and the hero. Change of a name of a prototype from John on Nikolay was, on - visible, is caused by ethical reasons: when novels, an island John were written were known for the orthodox believer of St.-Petersburg.

For more detailed arguing of our hypothesis we will consider other aspects of the given problem. We will result comparison of acts of an island of Nikolay from solovevskoj dilogii and certificates on St. John Kronshtadtskogo's vicarial activity. In one of novel dialogues «Great Rozenkrejtser» the writer recreates usual day from the Petersburg life of the hero: «That for wound! For the father of father Nikolay rani does not happen; that put, that night - for it all is uniform. If not at service Divine so on patients goes. Nowadays, since the summer, oh as it is a lot of Patients on Peter. Well, here him also call» («Century R», with. 32).

N.I.Bolshakov, the author of the biography of the well-known priest so describes usual day of the great pastor: «Again surrounded tolpoju, an exit of an island of John, it leaves expecting on street, sits down in the prepared crew and, doing not call in home, goes on molebnam, visits patients and visitors» [806] . Further from the same book we learn, that father John preferred «the difficult patients requiring sacred communicating» [807] .

Novels Vsevoloda Soloveva "Magicians" and «Great Rozenkrejtser» were published by the writer from number in number in own weekly published by it "North" within 1888 In the same edition behind the signature "Publisher" [808] in 49th number there was article "Father John" devoted to the Kronstadt priest in which the novelist modestly mentions a joint trip with it from St.-Petersburg to Kronstadt.
this fact testifies to a great interest of the author in the person of the sacred pastor.

Certain similarity of appearance of the hero of novels and St. John as testifies in favour of our version. For example, in "Magicians" there is a description of an unusual sight of an island of Nikolay: «In clear blue eyes was so much light and shine, that, appear, all of them round themselves light up. At the sight of these eyes it was absolutely forgotten, all person somehow disappeared. Eyes of the priest if long in them to look, pacified, consoled» ("V", with. 284).

In John Kronshtadtskogo's detailed biography the mention of impression which the sight sacred on relatives to it made people contains: «look its mild and full of love gets into the depth of any heart, brightly shines dark back streets of the spiritual nature of each of us, destroys in it everyones bewilderment and fears, spills curative balm in the tormented soul, approves and consoles suffering and grieving» [809] .

About John Kronshtadtskom Vsevolod Solovev wrote: «It seldom manages to sleep more than three-four hours a day some minutes of rest - and it again hasten everywhere where his name is, serves molebny, visit patients» [810] . In section «Conversation of the North» he, characterising the confessor, noticed, that its gifts became possible thanks to deep belief of the righteous person: «Who can so to trust and so to love, as an island John, that receives not only spiritual force, but also corporal in sizes amazing and almost incomprehensible. Everyone can be convinced of it if though some days track activity of an island of John» [811] .

In mystical dilogii the author describes vicarial activity of priest Nikolay in Petersburg: «Next day on arrival the priest had many employment in Petersburg. To father Nikolay
have started to be flown down from different directions nedugujushchie, truzhdajushchie and burdened. It did not have a possibility in the afternoon, to have a rest < at night;. > and having released these people, having given to everyone what that asked, it hastened from the house, accompanied tolpoju» ("V", with. 372-373). In the second book we meet brighter characteristic of father Nikolay: «the father sacred, the benefactor, the miracle man ». ("VR", with. 179). In favour of our version speak as well other facts from John Kronshtadtskogo's life. In same sketch Vsevolod of Nightingales wrote, that can testify some cases of true healings: « On all our enormous fatherland neskonchaemo stories about kind affairs of the Kronstadt priest, about force of its pray making wonderful healings, about the great moral help received from it with veroju to it addressing » [812] are heard.

Finishing comparison, we will notice, that in the novel «Great Rozenkrejtser» in a remark of one of minor characters Vs. Nightingales mentions supernatural abilities with which Nikolay possessed an island: «It here not for treb, and for tselenija souls and bodies . How many to the people for it prays! Not the person it - an angel! The flatterer Divine!» («Century R», with. 32. It is underlined by me - E.N.).

Comparing the description of day from a life of father Nikolay and short characteristics of vicarial work of St. John Kronshtadtskogo, it is necessary to ascertain their doubtless affinity that allows us to assume, that a way of life, forms of work with laymen, oral and written manuals of the known priest were a valuable source for creation of an image of an island of Nikolay from mystical dilogii.

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A source: Nikolsky Evgenie Vladimirovich. Prose Vsevoloda Soloveva: problems of creative evolution. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2014. 2014

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