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Introduction

The given dissertational research is executed on a joint of several disciplines of modern linguistic Russian philology: spelling, schedules, leksikologii, onomastiki, kommunikologii, - which expressly or by implication concern practice of the use of capital letters in modern Russian written speech.

Work urgency. On a boundary XX - the XXI-st centuries the Russian state has appeared in a situation of scale reorganisation - sotsialnoyoekonomicheskoj, ideological, political, cultural. Russian, naturally, both in oral, and in written forms has undergone to essential changes. Political transformations have led to occurrence of new realities which should find reflexions in practice of written speech including in traditions of the use of a capital letter. Many cases of occurrence of the capital letter are found in texts of publicistic, scientific, obihodno-household styles of speech, dispersing from recommendations «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation». There is a question: what senses are put by the people using Russian in its written form, in a word when mark its capital letter? In other words, what functions are carried out by a capital letter?

Traditionally capital letters carry out syntactic and nominative functions. Along with allocation of language units of special type: own names and words which begin the offer, native speakers of Russian began to use a capital letter in a new fashion. For example, in publicistic texts often there are nominal Debt marked by the big letter, Good, Honour, However, Great Power, etc., in references not to one, and to several persons - pronouns you, yours, to you. In advertising capital letters, and not only Cyrillic, but also Latin, appear and in a word, for example: capital letters With and M in
The name of shop of automobile and building materials "avtostrojmir", letter Sв the name of shop of clothes "fazon".

Despite the fact that what «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation» do not consider cases of allocation of all word the big letters, at official registration of papers there was habitual spelling of type the REPORT, the DECISION, the ORDER, the LABOUR CONTRACT, etc.

Degree of a readiness of a theme of research. Modern researchers study a capital letter in different aspects. First of all, linguists the standard aspect - features of the use of a capital letter in various proper names interests. The standard use of a capital letter in written speech is considered on a material of certain lexical groups: toponimov [Ilyin 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2009], ofitsionimov, i.e. names of the organisations, establishments, parties, and also posts, ranks, titles [ponomaryova 2001, 2011, 2015], multicomponent ergonimov [Krjuchkova 2003], the higher secular and religious posts [Nikolenkova 2009], sacral lexicon [Zaharov http; Petrichenko 2005].

Cases of infringement of rules of a choice «capital / lower case» are considered in a context of language game [Amiri 2007, 2015; Vlasova 2002, 2008, 2018; Dunyov 2007; Zemsky 1996, 2009; Iljasova 2002, 2015 http; Moshcheva 2008, 2012; Filinkova 2011, 2009].

By the present moment the works specially devoted to functions of a capital letter, are individual [Vlasova 2002, 2018; Dunyov 2007, 2012; the Dry wind 2008, http], besides that new functions of a capital letter in Russian demand special attention as philologists-researchers, and philologists - of experts, first of all editors and proof-readers.

Object of the given research - words and verbal complexes of Russian in which the capital letter is used, a subject - the use of capital letters mismatching standard

Spelling tradition, in modern officially-business,

Publicistic and obihodno-household Russian written speech.

Research objective - revealing and the description of new functions of a capital letter in practice of modern Russian written speech.

For object in view achievement in dissertational work following research problems are solved:

- To characterise traditions of use of capital letters in Russian written speech;

- To consider the functional bases of spelling rationing of the use of capital letters in Russian written speech;

- To reveal in a material of officially-business, publicistic and obihodno-household written speech cases of the use of the capital letters, mismatching standard spelling tradition;

- To characterise evolution of traditions of use of capital letters in their hierarchical and psychological functions (in names of authorities, social associations of people, posts, documents, in common nouns by which the special high sense is attributed);

- To characterise new tendencies of use of capital letters in modern officially-business, publicistic and obihodno-household Russian written speech and their specific functions.

Research material were philological dictionaries and directories, departmental editions and the instructions, concerning official registration of papers of federal and regional bodies of the legislative, executive and judicial power, the regulatory legal acts containing in legal-reference systems "ConsultantPlus", "Guarantor", the documents of the organisations placed on official sites in a network the Internet, advertising texts and texts of the Russian mass-media during the period with 1991 for 2018 inclusive, the records placed in social networks. Among analyzed editions of periodicals are presented as all-Russian: «the Russian newspaper», "Work", "Kommersant", "Tomorrow",
«The Soviet Russia», «the Parliamentary newspaper», «the New newspaper», «Economy and a life», «the Financial newspaper», «the National newspaper», «the Military observer», «the Proletarian truth», - and regional and local newspapers: «Arguments and the facts in Yaroslavl», «Караван+Я», «the Tver sheets», «the Tver life», «Our newspaper. Bessonovsky news», «Business NLINE: the business electronic newspaper of Tatarstan», «Torzhoksky week», «the Vyshnevolotsky truth», «the Novotorzhsky bulletin», "Pskovitjanka", «the Spring plus».

In the examples resulted in the dissertation author's style, spelling and a punctuation are kept.

Scientific novelty of dissertational work consists in revealing and the description of evolution of use of capital letters in modern officially-business and publicistic Russian written speech. It is established, that the revealed evolutionary processes are caused, in - the first, essential changes of traditional functions of a capital letter (hierarchical and psychological), secondly, occurrence and a wide circulation of new functions, namely: distancing functions, emotivnoj, etiketnoj, hypertext functions.

Analysis and comparison of spelling recommendations which contain, on the one hand, in philological dictionaries, on the other hand, in legal directories are essentially new.

Influence of extralinguistic factors on the use of capital letters in own and common nouns in special stylistic conditions is studied and characterised.

The theoretical importance of research consists in specification of the bases of spelling rationing of the use of capital letters in modern Russian written speech.

The technique of multidimensional research of the spelling phenomena developed by the author, based on comparison of official spelling recommendations and actual speech practice, can be used in the subsequent researches on purpose
Revealing and the analysis of spelling dynamics of modern Russian.

Practical value of the dissertation consists in possible use of the received results by working out of the specified and added rules of the use of capital letters in modern Russian written speech.

Materials and results of research can be considered by working out of dictionary editions and handbooks on spelling, in teaching of standard courses and special courses on problems of a modern drawing and Russian spelling, in the course of teaching in general educational educational institutions, and also in publishing, in practice of various kinds of mass-media - both printing, and electronic (including TV), in a business turn.

The research hypothesis consists that global changes of social character have caused formation and development of new functions of a capital letter in different styles of modern Russian written speech which have led to essential divergences between cash standard spelling rules and recommendations and practice.

"New" (functions) in research are understood as definition:

1) functions which are not considered in official «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation» 1956 in view of that were not actual at the moment of their edition; 2) functions which are considered in official «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation» 1956, but, according to modern officially-business and publicistic written speech, have essentially changed.

Research methods. Along with general scientific methods (gipotetiko-deductive, inductive, opisatelno-comparative) the special were applied: grafiko-spelling, leksikoyo
Semantic, leksiko-stylistic, is functional-semantic, zhanrovo-thematic, pragmalingvistichesky and the contextual analysis.

On protection following new and containing novelty aspects substantive provisions are taken out:

1. Historically at the heart of division of letters on the size the functional reasons which circle has been outlined by problems of allocation of a proper name and the first word of the offer (nominative and syntactic functions) laid. The official arches of spelling rules and recommendations up to present time are limited as a whole to these two traditional functions of a capital letter. But, judging by examples, at the moment of the edition of directories the capital letter started to carry out two more functions: marked a place occupied with object in hierarchy of the power (hierarchical function), and allocated common nouns by which the special high sense (psychological function) was attributed.

2. In modern officially-business, publicistic and obihodnoyobytovoj written speech there are numerous cases of the use of the capital letters, mismatching standard spelling tradition. It speaks about change of functional potential of a capital letter.

3. Two functions of capital letters - hierarchical and psychological, - fixed in «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation» 1956, have undergone essential changes for the reasons of extralinguistic property: 1) in connection with reforming of a political system of the state the nomenclature imenovany the state posts, authorities, documents has changed; 2) in connection with forming of new system of values and easing of the mechanism of a proof-reading the whole groups of the lexicon written, as proper names, from a capital letter were generated.

4. In modern officially-business, publicistic and obihodnoyobytovoj Russian written speech use tendencies were outlined
The capital letters, reflecting four more - new - capital letter functions: etiketnaja function is connected with use of a capital letter for expression of the valid relation, and not only to individual, but also to the plural addressee; emotivnaja function is shown in expression on the letter of the emotional relation speaking to the informed; distancing function is connected with attention attraction to the message and its semantic enrichment; hypertext function is connected with necessity by means of a capital letter to underline logic of a statement and to make the text laconic.

Degree of reliability of results of the carried out research is provided with modern methods of research which correspond to the purposes put in work and problems, and the analysis of an extensive versatile actual material (3800 words and verbal complexes).

Approbation of results of research: dissertation substantive provisions are stated in reports on VI international nauchnoyoprakticheskoj to conference (Tambov, TOIPKRO, on March, 29th, 2011), at interuniversity scientifically-practical conference «Semantic space of the text» (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, KamGU of Vitus Bering, on November, 23rd, 2010), at VI International scientifically-practical conference «Cultural science, art criticism and philology: modern sights and scientific researches» (Moscow, December 2017), at LXIII International scientifically-practical conference «the Young researcher: calls and prospects» (Moscow, March 2018).

Results of research are used by the author of research at teaching of training courses «Russian and a standard of speech» and «Documentary maintenance of management».

On a research theme 11 articles in total amount 3,74 items of l are published. (The personal contribution 3,24 items of l.), four of them (one in the co-authorship with the supervisor of studies) in the reviewed scientific editions recommended VAK.

The purpose and research problems have defined structure of work which consists of the introduction, three heads, the conclusion, the bibliographic list and appendices («the Full list of the state posts according to the Summary list of the state posts», «Recommendations of basic lingvo-legal directories about the use of capital letters», «the Characteristic of specialised directories»).

In introduction the theme urgency is proved, are formulated the purpose and problems, the object and an object of research are defined, scientific novelty of work, its theoretical and practical importance reveals, the analyzed material and the used sources is characterised, research methods are specified, the positions which are taken out on protection are formulated, the dissertation structure is described.

In chapter 1 traditions of use of capital letters are described and the functional bases of spelling rationing of the use of capital letters in Russian written speech are considered.

In the second chapter hierarchical and psychological functions of a capital letter which have found reflexion in «Rules of Russian spelling and a punctuation» 1956 are characterised, but have undergone the essential

Changes in modern Russian written speech.

The third chapter is devoted modern lines of use of a capital letter and new functions of a capital letter: emotivnoj, etiketnoj, hypertext, distancing functions.

In the conclusion conclusions become and prospects of the further research of the problematics declared in dissertational research are outlined.

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A source: VASILEVA MARGARITA IGOREVNA. NEW FUNCTIONS of the CAPITAL LETTER In MODERN RUSSIAN. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2018. 2018

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