<<
>>

a microfield "Growth"

The microfield "Growth" includes two antonymous microfields which nuclear zones are presented by lexemes high and low, being names of the given microfields.

The microfield "Low" consists of 29 lexical units (16 adektivov, 13 substantivov).

In the central part of a microfield the lexemes having most general with a nuclear lexeme low value settle down: izmorysh, karandysh, kornyj, while away, korotajka, short, korotysh, mahotka, small, melenky, melkenky, mizk) lja, nedoroslyj, nedorostysh, not tall, nizhutka, nizemennyj, nizen, undersized, opurysh, ohsnnyj, a morel, suzemnyj, suzalistyj, suzamyj, suzyomyj, suzyomistyj, шпьірка.

Investigating motivation of the lexemes entering into the given microfield, we see, that their big part has the transparent internal form. In the given group word-formation dialecticisms nizen, nizemennyj, nizhutka [the HARDWARE 4, 16], motivirovannye an adjective the low contain. The adjective nizemennyj can be considered as polimotivirovannoe as also the motive of affinity to the earth here is obvious, staticized in a number of other lexemes of the given microfield - suzyomyj, suzyomistyj, suzemnyj [the HARDWARE 4, 27].

Semantic dialecticisms the small and short function in dialects in value unusual for a literary language ‘ low ’. The lexeme small is lexical motivatorom word-formation variants melenky, melkenky. And Venja I had melkinky, these all large [Seliger 3, 271]. An adjective short motivirovany lexemes korotysh, korotajka. The adjective kornyj, also functions in the Tver dialects in value ‘ undersized, low ’ [the HARDWARE 3, 11]. A dialect verb kornat, i.e. ‘ to cut off, cut, chop off ’, it is extended in various Russian dialects. Karnaj to it all: a head and a beard! SHatinku we will cut down, a trunk obkarnaem, and vershinku itself not karnaem [SRNG 14, 341]. The adjective kornyj reflects representation

dialektonositelej about the small person, as "cut off", "chopped off", i.e.
Having a deviation from norm. The deviation of the low person from norm is reflected and in the transparent internal form expressional substantiva nedorostysh.

The lexeme mizjulja, i.e. ‘ the small stocky person [the HARDWARE 4, 14] is etymologically connected with Old Russian mizinnyj - ‘ younger, small ’. In Toropetsky area there is a lexeme mizjulina - ‘ a small measured pile ’. In Firovsky area word-formation variants mizjulka and mizjulina mean ’ a lamp-koptilka ’ [Seliger 3, 281]. Glasses was not, simply small kerosene burns type koptilochki. Mizjulechka burns in a small bottle, malenka. [In the same place]. As we see, at all values is present sema "small" (compare a little finger - the smallest finger).

Diminutive-hypocoristic suffixes of some lexemes - melenky, melkenky, korotajka, mahotka, nizhutka, mizjulja - transfer snishoditelnoyoironichnuju an estimation of the person of small growth.

"High" together with a nuclear lexeme the high enters into a microfield 31 lexical unit (6 adektivov and 25 substantivov): balbes, balbesina, вьіросток, long, long, lanky, the lanky fellow, long, a pole, a pole, zherdogon, zdorovjaga, kachura, lesinina, loban, lomina, mahinina, muzhlanjuga, tall, rosljanyj, a woodpile, polennik, polenovina, rjasina, slopen, slopenjuga, stolpenjuk, stolpenjuga, tesovina, tsapina.

Adjectives long in a literary language matters ’ long, lasting during considerable time; long ’ [MAS 1, 422]. In the Tver dialects a semantic dialecticism long and its phonetic variant of the long is used for a designation of the person of high growth. It long such muzhik, long [Seliger 2, 30].

Dialect lexemes a woodpile, polennik, polenovina, besides value ‘ the high person ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 21], in the Tver dialects possess value ‘ silly, stupid ’ [In the same place, 78], forming crossing of microfields "High" and "Silly". In the same zone of crossing there are word-formation variants slopen and slopenjuga, values having in the Tver dialects ‘ the person of the big growth ’ [There
26] and ‘ the blockhead, a cudgel; the idler ’ [In the same place, 90], and also lexemes balbes, balbesina - ‘ the person of huge growth ’ [In the same place, 7] and ‘ the blockhead ’ [In the same place, 33].

The high and thin person lexemes a pole, a pole, zherdogon [nominate Seliger 2, 79], crossings of microfields forming a zone "High" and "Thin". Negative konnotatsija, present at values of these lexemes, reflects a negative estimation of the high growth combined with leanness of the person, as infringement of a sign of proportionality of a constitution. The high and strong, healthy person in the Tver dialects is characterised by lexemes muzhlanjuga, zdorovjaga, loban. The lexeme lomina matters ‘ the large and strong man ’ and ‘ the man of high growth ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 13]. The given lexemes, creating crossing of microfields "High" and "Healthy", reflect a positive estimation of the high and healthy, strong person capable to performance of heavy work.

During the motivational analysis of the given microfield the most actual motive - the motive of a tree embodied in a number of figurative nominations has been revealed. Metaphorical carrying over underlies values of lexemes a pole, lesinina, rjasina, tesovina, polenovina, polennik, a woodpile. A noun a pole in value ‘ the long thin trunk of the cut down tree cleared of branches ’ [MAS 1, 478] motivirovany of lexeme a pole, a pole, zherdogon. motivatorom nominations of the high person rjasina the dialecticism rjasina in value ‘ long kol, a stick, a pole ’ is semantic. Fortunately get rjasina so I and have beaten off from wolves, instead of that zagryzli. Blow you to it rjasinoj properly [SRNG 35, 354]. A lexeme tesovina motivirovana a noun tyos - ‘ thin boards (tesanye or pilenye) ’ [MAS 4, 360]. The noun a log ‘ the chopped off or sawn off piece of a tree trunk, round or split, used on fuel ’ [MAS 3, 257] is lexical motivatorom nominations polenovina, polennik, a woodpile. The lexeme a woodpile can be considered as polimotivirovannuju as semantic motivatorom the noun a woodpile in value ‘ the fire wood combined by correct high numbers ’ [In the same place of Russian national can be its
Fairy tales a woodpile named the man or the woman of an athletic build. Ivan-tsarevitch enters into a tower, and there there are on one party six woodpiles - maidens-bogatyrok, and on other party six [In the same place]. The lexeme lesinina functions in the Tver dialects in value ‘ a tree ’. The alder for lesininu is considered at us [Seliger 5, 205]. The motive of a tree also is found out in a colloquial lexeme the lanky fellow which origin connect with sushchestvitelnm dyl, i.e. ‘ a pack, a log ’ [Fasmer 1, 558]. It is necessary to notice, that comparison with a tree is typical also for the characteristic of intellectually defective person in Russian language picture of the world see [Leonteva 2003, 2008]. The contiguity in the motivational plan of microfields "High" and "Silly" confirms their affinity revealed during the semantic analysis.

The motive of allocation from crowd, also characteristic for nominations of the given microfield, is realised by a number structurally-motivirovannyh lexemes lesinina, tesovina, tsapina, lomina, rjasina, polenovina. The suffix-in, important singularities and being a value judgment suffix, promotes transfer of the relation to excessively high growth of the person as to an unconditional deviation from norm.

So, on the basis of the analysis of a lexical material by us it is allocated as a part of a microfield of the characteristic of the person on growth almost symmetric two microfields on volume (29:31), being in antonymous relations (fig. 3). The symmetric readiness of the given fragments of a semantic field in the Tver dialects allows to speak about deviations in growth in the big or smaller party as about the signs of appearance having an equal urgency for dialektonositelej.

Drawing 3 - the Characteristic on growth

However the parity adektivov and substantivov in microfields has appeared a miscellaneous. So, in a microfield "Low" their quantity is identical (15:14), and in a microfield "High" substantivov three times it is more (6:25), that testifies about bolshej categorialities in an estimation of the person of high growth.

The semantic analysis of the lexemes which are a part of microfields, has found out following crossings of adjacent microfields. The lexemes forming crossing of a microfield "Low" with microfields "Sick" and "Ugly", reflect the negative relation to low growth of the person if it is combined with poor health or unattractive appearance.

The zone of crossing of microfields "High" and "Healthy" reflects the positive relation to high growth of the person if it is combined with its good health and force.

Negative konnotatsiju contain the lexemes which are in a zone of crossing of microfields "High" and "Thin", reflecting a negative estimation of broken proportionality of a constitution of the person. The zone of crossing of microfields "High" and "Silly" is formed expressional substantivy, by components of 27 % from the general number of units of a microfield "High", reflecting a sharp negative estimation of the person combining such signs, as high growth and low intellectual level. The contiguity of the given microfields is revealed and during the motivational analysis: the motive of a tree is actual for nominations both high, and the silly person. A negative estimation of the person, whose high growth it is combined with low I.Q.,
Illustrate proverbs. Has grown as an aspen, and mind in a floor-osmina. Big Feodor, yes the silly woman. To grow has grown, yes mind has not taken out.

2.4.

<< | >>
A source: Gribovskaya Natalia Jurevna. the LEXICON of the TVER DIALECTS CHARACTERIZING the PERSON (SEMANTIKO-MOTIVATIONAL ASPECT). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2019. 2019

More on topic a microfield "Growth":

  1. subjects POV in a position "patriot" - "proponent" and "opponent" - "analyst"
  2. § 1. Genesis of terms "promise", "bribe" and "lihoimstvo" by the Russian right XIV-has begun XX centuries
  3. Teoretiko-legal research of a parity of concepts «the person,« the physical person, "citizen", "person", "individual", "Everyone"
  4. about the legal maintenance of concepts "protection", "protection", "preservation" and «steady use»
  5. § 1. Concepts "subject" and "object" of the operating criminal legislation, judiciary practice, philosophy and jurisprudence
  6. 3.2. B.Akunina's project "Genres" - a collection of "pure" genre samples
  7. 3.2. Information support of acceptance of administrative decisions in a battalion "supply" oao "agromash-holding"
  8. 1.4.1. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki: opposition of concepts "value" and "sense"
  9. § 3.3 Justices of soul and justice of the policy in "State" and Platon's "Laws"
  10. § 1.1. Concept "abstract" both "concrete": philosophical and legal аспектні
  11. §2. Attempts of the "limited" and "full" internationalisation of the Cyprian conflict (1964-67)
  12. Definition of the price of the bargain on association of "Buyer" and "Object"
  13. § 1. Standard fastening of definition of concepts "interest" and"affilirovannost"
  14. § 1.4.2. A parity of concepts "recognition" and "execution" of a foreign judgement.
  15. "identification" of corporation with other connected persons ("identity") and «getting responsibility»