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a microfield «the General aesthetic estimation»

The microfield structure «General aesthetic estimation» includes lexical units in which values the general aesthetic characteristic of external data of the person - positive or negative contains. The given microfield includes two microfields of the lowest order, being among themselves in antonimicheskih relations.

Nuclear zones of microfields are presented by lexemes beautiful and ugly, being names of the given field formations.

The microfield "Beautiful" includes together with a nuclear lexeme 31 lexical unit (4 substantiva and 27 adektivov). In the central zone of a microfield lexical units baskoj, basky, vzratnyj, visible, glaznyj, gozhy, klyovyj, kljuzhy, krasavik, krasulja, krasjavyj, krasatyj, krasovityj, krasivennyj, krasavishnyj, kupava, kupbivna, milovzgljadnyj, prigljadnyj, razhy, razhinnyj, razhistyj, conjoint, sljubnyj, sljubovityj, sljuboveityj, cute, sureizhy, sureiznyj, ukljuzhy settle down.

Let's consider polisemanty and words with diffuznym the value, a part microfields. So, the adjective gozhy has in the Tver dialects value not only ‘ beautiful, with pleasant appearance ’, but also in general ‘ good ’ [KGTO].
The physiognomy, yes soul gozha [KGTO] [SRNG 6, 27] is bad. In the same value the given lexeme is used in the Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ryazan dialects. The idea of beauty of the person acts as a concrete definition obshcheotsenochnogo a positive sign that is natural estimated qualification: beautiful = the good.

Lexemes razhy, razhinnyj, razhistyj possess diffuznym value ‘ beautiful, high, statnyj, strong, physically healthy ' [Seliger 6, 7]. Razhaja the maid, good, well-fad, high, visible. If the maid beautiful this prigljadnaja, and about the guy, well here shto maids look, this razhy. Razhy, razhinnyj, the healthy guy, was grew fond to me beautiful, razhy. Razhistyj, the high person. Razhistyj is healthy, in what razhistyj. Well, razhy, means, high, wide in shoulders, well as shchas a case, whether shto, gavarjat [In the same place]. Crossing of a microfield of an aesthetic estimation of the person with microfields of the characteristic of the person on its constitution and on a physical condition reflects representation dialektonositelej about the beautiful person as strong, healthy and possessing moderate completeness. In the same zone of crossing there is a lexeme krasulja, i.e. ‘ the beauty, the ruddy, full and tall woman ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 11] and lexemes kupava and kupavna, important ‘ the magnificent, proud beauty ’ [In the same place, 13]. The lexeme kupava, possessing value ‘ the proud woman ’ [In the same place, 57], creates also a zone of crossing of lexico-semantic fields «the Characteristic on appearance» and «the Characteristic on internal qualities», reflecting representation about external beauty as about an occasion to pride, zaznajstva. Basky in the Tver dialects «the General aesthetic characteristic of the person» with a microfield "Clothes" matters ‘ beautiful, elegant ’ [In the same place, 7], forming microfield suppression.

Let's consider a microfield "Beautiful" in the motivational plan. The internal form of the given lexemes, i.e. a way of representation in dialect language vnejazykovogo maintenances, in most cases appears transparent, that is characteristic for dialect lexicon.

So, a noun beauty is lexical motivatorom for obshcherusskih words beautiful, a handsome man, the beauty and word-formation dialecticisms krasavik, krasulja, krasjavyj, krasatyj, krasovityj, krasivennyj, krasavishnyj.

The good guy - krasavik hand-written. And it tall, dark-browed - krasavik! On icons draw - krasatye everything, and they not such were. Here a film will show - there krasovitaja the little girl is. It has found another, not so it was krasovityj, but the good guy. Vish, what krasjavye they here (in a photo) [Seliger 3, 127-130].

The motivation sign "beauty" also is realised in nominations baskiji baskoj, motivirovannyh by a dialect noun of a bass - ‘ beauty ‘ [SRNG 2, 127]. motivatorom word-formation variants razhy, razhinnyj, razhistyj, and also the sous - of adjectives formed by means of an archaic prefix сурсіжий, suraznyj the dialect noun of a passion - ‘ beauty ’ [Seliger 6, 7] is lexical. An adjective kljuzhy and prefixal derivative of it ukljuzhy in value ‘ beautiful, visible ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 28] motivirovano a noun kljud, having in dialects value ‘ an order, beauty ’. Without kljudi we not people. [SRNG 13, 318].

Motivation sign to "love" contains in adjectives sljubnyj, sljubovityj, sljubovatyj, motivirovannyh a dialect verb sljubit - ‘ to grow fond ’ [SRNG 38, 327].

The motivation sign «to look / to look with pleasure» is taken as a principle of some the adjectives characterising the beautiful person at which it is pleasant to look: prigljadnyj, milovzgljadnyj, vzrachnyj, visible, glaznyj. When the person beautiful, differently we speak: and gozhy, and cute, both milovzgljadnyj, and suraznyj, much so we speak [Seliger, vyp. 3, с.281]. Oh, what girl eye, eyes you will not take away [Seliger 1, 171].

Adjective slichnyj - ‘ a beautiful kind, nice ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 26]

It is perceived as a word with the transparent internal form, motivatorom which the noun the person is lexical. However the dictionary tserkovnoyoslavjanskogo language defines the given adjective as ‘ coped,
Harmonious ’ ("and a voice slichnym возглашсіху" - and voices co-ordinated sang) [Sedakova, 317]. It is possible to assume, that potential sema "beautiful" has laid down in a basis at formation of new value of an adjective. Further there was a process lexical remotivatsii words and as a result secondary reconsideration of a word motivational communication with a noun the person (slichnyj = with a beautiful face was formed), that promoted stability of a lexeme with the given value in dialects.

The antonymous microfield "Ugly" is presented by 24 lexical units (8 substantivov and 16 adektivov). A nuclear lexeme of a microfield is the lexeme ugly. In the central zone lexemes vahrjuta, grymzala, kososbitka, ljapistyj, labazlivyj, murza, ordinary-looking, nekljuzhy, not mercenary, nekorgstyj, unattractive, nesljubnyj, neskladisha, nesamovityj, nesumovityj, nesoblaznyj, nestatnyj, nestatisha, nestatishcha, nesurazhy, silly, oblezjana, straholjuda settle down.

A number of lexemes form a zone of crossing of microfields of the general aesthetic estimation and an estimation of the person on a constitution. The lexeme vahrjuta has additional to this ‘ with an inconsistent figure ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 7], and the lexeme grymzala designates not only ugly, but also the heavy, thick woman. And the woman thick, razdrjabshaja everything, the heavy woman - grymzala [Seliger 1, 205]. Crossing is formed not only with a microfield "Thick", but also with a microfield "Thin", that finds reflexion in the contextual use of lexemes not mercenary and nekorystyj, i.e. ‘ invisible, unattractive ’ [Seliger 4, 113]. It not mercenary from itself, thin such [In the same place]. The given lexemes also function in the Tver dialects in value ‘ painful, sickly ’. Sister was taka nekorystenka, well, nizenka, the patient [In the same place].

The zone of crossing of microfields of the aesthetic characteristic and the characteristic of the person on clothes is created by lexemes, reprezentirujushchimi the ugly and inaccurate person. nestatisha, nestatishcha - ‘ outwardly unattractive, ugly, careless person ’ [Seliger 4, 127]. nestatisha what, it is dressed badly or slanting by nature... nestatisha - here about

Me now so it is possible to tell, I today unshaven [In the same place]. The lexeme murza matters ‘ the one who is ugly, slovenly dressed ’ [Seliger 3, 313]. Here this murza on a holiday, it to dance has gone, such nestatnyj, the ugly person. Murza ugly as though, the dirty creature, and the muzhik murza happens [In the same place].

The analysis of motivation of units entering into a given microfield has shown, that the majority of lexemes, including a nuclear lexeme ugly, is formed by prefixal way by means of a prefix not - characterising the person who is not possessing beautiful appearance. Motives of absence of beauty, an order, pleasure at contemplation underlie nominations ordinary-looking, nekljuzhy, not mercenary, nekorystyj, unattractive, nesljubnyj, neskladisha, nesamovityj, nesumovityj, nesoblaznyj, nestatnyj, nestatisha, nestatishcha, nesurazhy, silly. As the prefix does not participate in expression of contrast with a shade of moderation of negation of the sign, the given lexemes are with making adjectives in relations of not strong, weakened contrast.

In Andreapolsky area the adjective labazlivyj in value ‘ ugly, ordinary-looking ’ is fixed. The maid labazlivaja has gone, it means ugly [Seliger 3, 181]. In this case the polymotivation is possible. motivatorom the adjective labazlivyj which functions in dialects in value ‘ started, dirty, littered ’ with reference to a place can be semantic. I do not know, how to you at me, painfully house at me labazlivyj. Labazlivyj wood after a storm, unpleasantly there absolutely [In the same place]. Potential sema "ugly" it was staticized at comparison of the dirty, littered place with the ugly person that promoted formation of new value of an adjective labazlivyj. The given adjective also can be motivirovano the noun a warehouse designating in dialects economic constructions to which the beauty of appearance usually is not peculiar, cleanliness or an order. In both cases in nominations receives an urgency motive of absence of an order and cleanliness.

Adjective ljapistyj, motivirovannoe a verb ljapat, reprezentiruet in Ostashkovsky area of the ugly, inconsistent person. OnYOto itself such there was ljapistyj, and zhenka beautiful [Seliger 3, 244]. One of values of a verb ljapat in a literary language - ‘ to do something hastily which - as, is negligent ’ [MAS 2, 212]. The noun vahrjuta in value ' ugly, inconsistent ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 7], fixed in the same area is similar, motivirovano by a dialect verb vahljat ‘ to do somehow, is negligent ’ [SRNG 4, 75]. In the given dialect lexemes representation about the ugly person, as about bad, wrong, negligent, somehow made is realised. The motive carelessly made, crookedly, «slantwise brought down» reflects also a transparent noun under the internal form kososbitka - ‘ the ugly woman ’ [the HARDWARE 4, 11].

The transparent internal form the noun oblezjana at which there is a double motivation possesses also. On the one hand, it motivirovano an adjective bare in value ‘ with got out very rare hair, a wool, feathers ’ [MAS 2, 539], having to this "ugly" as the potential. On the other hand, the metaphor comparing the ugly person with an animal, similar to the person is obvious zoomorfnaja.

We see, that the lexemes containing the general aesthetic estimation of appearance of the person, form two antonymous microfields "Beautiful" and "Ugly", asymmetric on volume (fig. 1). Quantitative overweight of lexical units with a positive estimation that is atypical for the dialect lexicon characterising the person In this case takes place.

Drawing 1 - the General aesthetic estimation

In connection with an insufficient readiness in the Tver dialects of the given microfield, it is possible to assume, that absence of external beauty of the person was not significant in an investigated regional language picture of the world. Compare proverbs From the person water not to drink. Do not search for beauty, and search kindness. Be not born beautiful, and be born the happy.

In both microfields the quantity adektivov considerably exceeds quantity substantivov (27:4 and 18:6). Possibly, external beauty of the person (as well as its absence) did not cause strong emotions at dialektonositelej. The microfield analysis "Ugly" has shown, that the considerable part of lexemes (60 %) is formed by means of a prefix not-. Fixing absence of the external beauty, the given lexemes do not contain strongly pronounced emotionally-estimated konnotatsii. During the analysis we have revealed zones of crossing of a microfield «the General aesthetic characteristic» with microfields "Constitution" and "Clothes". As we see, at the general aesthetic estimation of the person significant there are characteristics of volume of a body and ability to put on. Elegantly dressed person receives a positive aesthetic estimation of appearance, and the person in dirty clothes is perceived as physically ugly. The size of the person, its volume, completeness is estimated dialektonositeljami ambiguously. On the one hand, completeness of the person is regarded as its beauty, on the other hand, opposite, as its absence.

At the microfield analysis «Aesthetic estimation of the person» in motivational aspect we allocate following motivational signs (motives). The motive of beauty is realised in numerous lexemes with root morphemes-kras-bass, a-passion. The motive of pleasure at contemplation underlies of some nominations with the transparent internal form - prigljadnyj, milovzgljadnyj, vzrachnyj, visible, glaznyj. The motive of love underlies nominations sljubnyj, sljubovityj, sljubovatyj, drawing an image of the beautiful person which it is easy to grow fond. The motive of an order is found in nominations, motivirovannyh dialect kljud (’ an order ’), and also in a figurative nomination of the ugly person labazlivyj. At
To the characteristic of the ugly person actual also motive it becomes bad, carelessly made - ljapistyj, vahrjuta, kososbitka.

2.2.

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A source: Gribovskaya Natalia Jurevna. the LEXICON of the TVER DIALECTS CHARACTERIZING the PERSON (SEMANTIKO-MOTIVATIONAL ASPECT). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2019. 2019

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