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2.7. A paralinguistic context of functioning of a word "so"

V.V. Vinogradov, meaning personal-demonstrative pronouns, wrote, that their maintenance varies «depending on the subject, conditions, situayotsii speeches» (Vinogradov 1986, с.259). According to K.Gauzenblaza, «dependence on a situation is reflected in completeness of expression.

And in use vyrazheyony, semanticheski caused by a situation» (Gauzenblaz 1978, 73). Para-linguistic support specifies the speech message, gives it still the big brightness.

As a filler of a pause the word "so" can be fonatsionnym paralinguistic means. Replacing gestures, type of a chosen pose, miyomiku "so" is a kinetic component of paralinguistic means. On the letter "so" can be allocated by other font. And this «type of performance of letters» carry to graphic paralinguistic sredyostvam. (Linguistics... 1998, с.367, article "Paralinguistics"). We will address to concrete supervision over a paralinguistic context funktsioniyorovanija words "so".

A.N.Ivanov is resulted by the following dialogue, which sense difficultly poyonjat without knowledge of subject conditions: And: And you too by the end fill in?: Is not present/I if I see/that abrupt/then I will add. You not so? And: And how? Whether so?: Well so it is simple poravnjaj a plug and on a bottom/not it is necessary it so utramboyovyvat (Ivanov 1986, с.81).

Nonverbal signs, duplicating a word meaning, raise reliability of the message or, on the contrary, carry out function of decrease in reliability soobyoshchenija up to its full negation.

"So" (more often the pronominal adverb, a particle and a reciprocal word) is capable to replace a word two versions of gestures: 1) gestures-regulators, 2) gestures-informants. Gestures-regulators «carry out functions ustayonovlenija and interruptions of contact, its maintenance and strengthening» (Fedorova 1995, с.11). For example, at conversation of two persons we quite often see, how one of participants of dialogue, listening to the interlocutor, keeps up the conversation accompanying kontaktoustanavlivajushchim gesture (more often - a nod goloyovy, sometimes - a wave of a palm, a hand), regulating and strengthening contact.

Gestures-informants help with the organisation of the maintenance and statement structure, support speech statements kommunikantov through associative gestures. The realised purpose of the given group of gestures - transfer of the relation to the statement (in the same place). Most distinctly the index-nost is shown in oral informal conversation, where a pronunciation soprovozhyodaetsja by index gesture: Well you understand, what if so (pokayozyvaet) held a knife it is equivalent to swing?; make so, - it has shown, having begun to clap ladoshami (From razg. Speeches). In the given examples paralingvistiyocheskie means are combined with verbal means. The first can replace the passed verbal component, apparently from a following example: How to pass to me to theatre? - Will go so, then will turn so, will pass street here so... (From razg. Speeches).

Gestures, in turn, can replace other paralinguistic means (drawings, drawings - graphic means) which serve for peyoredachi the same sense. For example:

... He thought, that it ochen bolshoj, and important lifted up a head. Here so (drawing)... The Chicken remained with a fence one. Suddenly he sees: the cock has flied up on zayobor beautiful bolshoj, has extended a neck here so:...

To the Chicken it ochen ponravilos. It too has extended a neck. Here so: (drawing)... But has stumbled and has plopped down in a pool. Here so: (drawing)... In a pool the frog sat. It uvideyola it and zasmejalas. Here so: (drawing)... Here mum has run up to a chicken. She has regretted and has caressed it. Here so: (drawing)... (K.Chukovsky, TSypleYOnok); the Good mood joins so (the home appliances of the manufacturer are advertised; from the outdoor advertising).

The element "so" can accompany gesture, a mimicry in notes. NapriYOmer:

[Gluhovtsev] (rising). It is possible uhodit? [Olga Nikolaevna] (also rises). No, sit, please (L.Andreev, Days of our life); [Hectares-bidulin] (all as is gloomy). What account at us? (A.Vampilov, the Lodger).

T. A van Dejk and V.Kinch believe, that «gestures and looks ukayozyvajut on what of speech certificates is used, what semantic implication should be deduced from local propositions; they can specify and in reviewers dejkticheskih expressions. And on what concepts demand social attention and can be markers possible makroyostruktur» (Van Dejk, Kinch 1978, с.171).

In the given function "so" it is used in quality «a filler payouz», it is said with special intonation of meditation and is original means of creation of a rhythm of monologic speech. In art speech this intonation is transferred by such verbs how to "keep silent,"reflect", etc. Compare: - So... - Sinelnikov has told. - choose: Twenty roubles for a dry-cleaner and colouring of all suit or I bring an action for the insult action (V.Shukshin; Ivanov 1986, 81-82).

In written speech the word "so" is allocated with other font, svoeobyoraznym a logic accent as specifies in the subsequent pojasyonenie and specification (linguistic gesture):

... Each sprout - that zemnyj a rose tree, / All okoyom - an emerald alloy. / the earth greens struck in nostrils / the Scent - so the buffalo does not feel grasses! / and, having abolished malachite and jahont: / Each sprout - a life-giving syringe / In an eye: - so the falcon does not see ploughed lands! / in an ear: - so the prisoner does not hear birds! (M.Tsvetaeva, the Bus).

The particle "so", used in a remark for a designation of a low estimation or absence of the relation to actions can serve as an original signal of uncertainty, is the word - "screen" helping ukyolonitsja from the direct answer or to delay time. In the given function "so" in oral speech has specified A.N.Ivanov, illustrating it is a following example:

When Tonja has approached to it, he has thoughtfully said: - it is interesting, how many here tombs? - Why it has interested you? - So, - it has shaken pleyochami. And itself has thought, that such here a cemetery on which bury already hundreds years, it was possible to fill after two-three our approaches of a shooting division. Tonja has noticed both bitterness of words, and a pain in eyes. - you have recollected something? - Yes so, - he has deliberately carelessly answered and took it for a hand. We-will go. (V.Kondratyev; from A.N.Ivanovoj's card file).

The word "so" is accompanied by corresponding gesture (handshake pleyochami). «And if in oral dialogue, - under A.N.Ivanovoj's statement, - gesture is clear at once (Has put a raincoat in a bag. - yes it is fine (I so)), in hudozhestyo

vennoj speech rigid "so" demands the description »(in the same place), author's kommenyotary helps to understand the true maintenance hidden behind a word - by"screen".

In informal conversation the particle "so" is capable to fasten remarks dialoyoga, to carry out contact function. For example, turned to a class "uchiyotelskoe" "so". It, though is deprived the maintenance, but is functional znachiyomo as serves for poderzhanija contact to pupils. In the given function the investigated particle is close to particles "here" and "horoyosho", used in a statement for instructions on some result and pereyohod to the further. Compare:

Be involved, involved, - the lieutenant has told. - it is then easier buyodet. So, for me a march! (V.Bykov); - Listen, that was. He calls vecheyorom. Here (well here). It appears, at it an important issue; - Cause me to nayochalstvu. Well. I am (From razg. Speeches).

Hence, the mestoimenno-index word "so" gets various values in informal conversation depending on a direction vzgljayoda, gesture, a mimicry, a pose, a pause or accompanying action, other subject, from a situation in which there is a dialogue, some predvariyotelnyh knowledge, from conditions etc.

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A source: ZAVJAZKINA Irina Nikolaevna. SEMANTIC, GRAMMATICAL And FUNCTIONAL FEATURES of the WORD "SO" In MODERN RUSSIAN. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Stavropol -. 2003

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