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1.5.1. Specific identification and biological features of mushrooms of sort Malassezia

For specific identification of representatives of sort Malassezia some algorithms in which basis physiological features of different kinds lay were offered. A method recommended S. de Hoog [23] it is based on studying of assimilation by a mushroom of various twins (polyethylene (20) - sorbitan-aethers) - the twin-40, the twin-80 and other physiological characteristics.

The algorithm of identification has the following sequence: 1а Growth on the medium Saburo—> M pachydermatis 1 Would be not present growth on the medium Saburo—> 2 2а Katalaznaja activity positive—> 3 26 Katalaznaja activity negative—> M restricta For Growth on the medium Saburo with Твин-40 — »4 36 There is no growth on the medium Saburo with Твин-40—> 5 4а Growth on the medium Saburo with Твин-80 —» 6 46 There is growth on the above-stated mediums—> M sloojiae 5а no Cell extended, cylindrical—> M obtusa 56 Cells roundish—> M globosa 6а Growth on the medium Saburo with Kremoforom EL—> M furfur 66 Is not present growth on the above-stated mediums — »M sympodialis

The given method of identification was applied in particular in researches M Crespo [58]. D. Senczek [158] besides the twin-40 and the twin-80, used tests for twin assimilation—20 and the twin-60.

According to J. Faergmann [73], the algorithm at which are considered growth presence on the medium Saburo, katalaznaja activity, assimilation Cremofor EL (contains the castor oil which main component is ritsinovaja acid), hydrolysis eskulina, growth is more practical at 38°С. The algorithm of identification looks as follows: 1а There is a growth on the medium Saburo — »M pachydermatis 16 There is no growth on the medium Saburo—> 2 2а Katalaznaja activity positive—> 3

26 Katalaznaja activity negative—> M restricta For Assimilates Kremofor EL—> M furfur 36 does not assimilate Kremofor EL—> 4 4а Hydrolyzes eskulin—> 6 46 does not hydrolyze eskulin—> 5

5 and There is a growth on medium of Dickson at 38°С — »M sloofiae 56 There is no growth on medium of Dickson at 38°С—> M globosa 6а There is a growth on medium of Dickson at 38°С—> M sympodialis 66 There is no growth on medium of Dickson at 3 8°С—> M obtusa P. Mayser [119] also specifies on informativnost the test for hydrolysis eskulina and Kremofora EL. R. Weiss [169] considers as the most informative tests for assimilation Kremofora EL, hydrolysis eskulina, katalaznuju activity, a chromogenesis, sensitivity to polidokanolu. The Same characteristics used for identification P. Raabe [147].

P. Mayser [123] has described a phenomenon of formation of a dark brown pigment in the presence of a tryptophan some kinds of sort Malassezia. Offered by authors a pigment-inducing medium with a tryptophan obviously

Can be used as the additional identification test.

At identification, besides physiological features, morphological and cytomorphological properties of a mushroom also matter: colour, the form, a relief of colonies, the cell form, its size, the size of a daughter cell in relation to maternal, presence in culture mitselialnoj forms of a mushroom [19].

S Aspiroz [22] successfully identified izoljaty Malassezia spp. On the basis of microscopical, kulturalnyh and biochemical characteristics (katalaznaja activity, hydrolysis eskulina, lipaznaja activity).

T Kaneko [165] has offered the scheme of identification Malassezia spp.

On a basis before the chromogenic medium offered by them LN-CHROMagar. Criteria of identification included formation of a zone of a precipitation on this medium, katalaznuju reaction and growth presence to specific mediums - agar Saburo, the Kremofor-e-agar, the Twin 60-eskulinovyj an agar. Efficiency of the offered algorithm of identification is confirmed by molecular analyses.

According to K Hammer [92], essential identification criterion for Malassezia spp. Formation of a zone of a precipitation on an agar of Dickson is. According to authors, kinds M sympodialis, M globosa positive to this sign, kinds M furfur, M obtusa, M slooffiae - negative.

It is remarkable, that the commercial test systems intended for specific identification of yeast (API 20С, Flow Uni-Yeast-Tek), are unsuitable for identification of mushrooms of sort Malassezia [116].

In some cases authors face difficulties at identification of mushrooms of sort Malassezia on the basis of the standard criteria. So, in research E Duarte [65] it was not possible to identify 2 izoljata, using tests for assimilation of twins and kremofora EL, hydrolysis eskulina, katalaz -

nuju activity and a chromogenesis in the presence of a tryptophan. By means of molecular methods it was possible to identify izoljat from a cow, as a lipid-dependent variant M pachydermatis, and izoljat from a dog — as atypical variant M furfur.

In the majority of techniques a key stage in identification Malassezia spp. Definition of lipide dependence izoljata since unique zoofilnyj kind M pachydermatis in difference from other kinds of this sort, is capable to grow on the nutrient medium which is not containing lipids is. For definition of lipide dependence primary izoljaty yeast with lpid - the containing medium peresevajut on medium Saburo. It allows to diagnose kind M pachydermatis, the most widespread originator malasse - ziozov animals. If izoljat it is not capable to growth on this medium then there is a necessity for carrying out of additional identification tests. Obviously, in daily veterinary practice it will be expedient to be limited only to definition of lipide dependence clinical izoljata Malassezia spp, and a lipid-dependent izoljaty if necessary to refer for specific identification in specialised mikologicheskie laboratories.

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A source: Ershov Peter Petrovich Etiologicheskaja. the importance of yeast mushrooms of sort Malassezia at dermal diseases of animals. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of veterinary sciences Moscow - 2008. 2008

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