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1.4 Toxic action rtutorganicheskih connections on animals and the person


High toxicity of mercury and its salts is known for a long time. Its properties metilirovannyh forms are much less investigated. monometilrtut it is officially recognised teratogennym by the poison, capable to get through a placentary barrier and to lead to developmental anomalies at offspring [62].
Mercury easily replaces iron in blood elements, forming strong chemical bonds, that in a consequence can lead a various stem to pathological infringements [142].
For a mink and an otter the mercury content in a brain, exceeding 10 mg/kg and in a liver within 20-100 mg/kg, is incompatible with a life [157]. At a fox the sharp toxicosis with a lethal outcome was observed at the mercury content in a liver and kidneys at level of 30 mg/kg [97]. In a liver of the panther who were lost, possibly, as a result of a poisoning metilrtutju concentration of metal made 110 mg/kg [139]. At house cats the sharp poisoning leading to death, was observed at concentration of mercury in a liver of 37145 mg/kg [116]. The mercury Threshold limit in food of the mink, causing the functional infringements, is equal 1.1 mg/kg of crude mass [109]. In laboratory conditions it is established, what not concentration of mercury compatible to a life in a liver of a house dog are in a range of 2 mg/kg and above [112].
Estimated critical concentration of mercury in soils after which the negative effect is observed on soil biothat are made by 0.13 mg/kg [106]. It is necessary to notice, that levels of accumulation of mercury in organs of animals and birds, gross infringements in functioning of an organism or its  destruction, are registered in the nature extremely seldom in force eliminatsii and fast degradation of corpses to a condition not suitable to the analysis. Experimental and separate finds in the nature testify that normal reproduction and a life of the warm-bloode is under the threat in case of mercury accumulation in a range of concentration from 0.1 to 200 mg/kg of crude mass and to be defined by set of set of factors [44].
Influence of low doses metilrtuti on developing organism. According to different authors the mercury content in blood of a fruit or is equal to its content in blood of mother [155, 170], or exceeds on 20-30 % [125, 141]. As much as possible registered excess of the content of mercury in fruit blood in comparison with parent blood makes 300 %.
At inspection of 779 steams "mother-child", inhabitants of Seychelles, statistically doubtful communication between a tonus of extremities of the child and the mercury content in hair of mother [130] is revealed. The increased content of mercury in hair of mothers positively correlates with a delay of such stages of development of children, as the beginning of circulation and standing without a support. As a result of inspection of 738 children (Seychelles) about 1 year is elderly, is established, that middle age of the beginning of circulation came at boys that later, than more mercury contained in hair of their mothers. With each increase at 10 mg/kg of weight of the content of mercury in hair of mothers for 2 weeks time of the beginning of circulation [148] was late. For 1022 children from Faeroes surveyed at the age of 12 months, the feedback between the mercury content in hair of mothers and the beginning of circulation and standing without a support is authentic.
Children of preschool age subject to action metilrtuti (receipt in an organism at a feed by fish), have lower nejrofiziologicheskie indicators in comparison with the contemporaries who were not testing such influence.
At some of them easing of hearing was observed and clearness of sight (the given inspections of 6-7 summer children from Faeroes and island Madiera) [111] disappeared.
At children about one year easing of a muscular tonus and abnormal reflexes [133] is marked. In New Zealand deviations in development of children of preschool age are shown at the mercury content in hair of mothers in number of 4-6 mg/kg of weight, on Seychelles - at 17.5 mg/kg of weight
Influence of low doses metilrtuti on an adult population organism. In not numerous works on influence studying metilrtuti on an organism of the adult person are mainly analyzed:
- Availability metilrtuti;
- Breeding from a human body;
- Influence metilrtuti on cardiovascular and nervous systems, on sense organs, and also on reproductive system.
In experiments on volunteers it is established, that by a human body it is acquired and it is not bred within the first 3-4 days of 91-97 % (on the average 94 % metilrtuti). From all volume acquired metallorganicheskogo connections on blood it is necessary from 6 to 10 % [165].
Data about influence metilrtuti on cardiovascular system of the person are individual. The Finnish researchers under a management within 7 years spent supervision over health of 1833 adult men [121]. For those from them, level of the content of mercury in which hair exceeded 2 mg/kg of weight, the increase in 2 times of risk of a sharp heart attack of a myocardium is noted.
At 1000 surveyed children at the age of 7 years at increase in the content of mercury in blood from 1 to 10 mg/l increase of arterial pressure of blood on the average on 14 mm of a mercury pile was observed. In some cases decrease in variability of work of heart (an indicator of the independent control) [156] was marked.
Influence of higher doses metilrtuti on an adult population organism. (Japan) is much in more details studied the resistant and having effects delayed in time nejrotoksichnost metilrtuti on population of people in the field of Minamata. 83-93 % sick of disease Minamata suffered infringements of touch systems, a relaxation of muscles of a mouth, asthenia. With the years at them difficulties with conversation, a tremor of hands amplified, there were complexities with clothing, obuvaniem and hearing. The same problems took place and in group of patients of the regions not subject to mercury pollution, but in ready smaller degree.
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A source: UDODENKO JURY GENNADEVICH. ACCUMULATION And MERCURY DISTRIBUTION In SOILS And PEDOBIONTAH RESERVED TERRITORIES (ON the EXAMPLE of the VORONEZH And OKSKY RESERVES).. 2014

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