<<
>>

THE CONCLUSION

To the middle of XVII century in Russian state the form of system of protection of the first persons arises organizatsionnoyopravovaja. During this period two functional directions of activity of guarding structures are isolated: obespeyochenie safety of a sovereign in its residences and out of them, and also eskortnoyotseremonialnoe representation.

The practice which has developed at Peter I ohrayony, with some not basic changes, remained up to beginning ХІХ of century. As well as during the previous period, there were no yet professional, specialised divisions of protection: still these functions carried out various court ranks and military units, tradiyotsionno the Guards.

Since first quarter ХІХ century subjects of imperial protection at Nikolay I in residence were Rota palace the grenadier, subordinated to the minister of the Imperial Court yard, and out of residence - Own Its Impeyoratorsky Majesty an escort subordinated to the commander by Imperatoryosky main apartment. In second half ХІХ century are founded new ohrayonitelnye structures. If the Palace guards provided safety imyoperatora exclusively in its residences, thoroughly knowing their disposition and all important nuances connected with strong and weaknesses statsionarnoyogo of object about security from a possible encroachment on monaryoha the Security guards carried out the latent support of a sovereign for preyodelami residences during every possible trips and have been obliged preduyosmotret all possible variants of development of a situation in case of attempt at the emperor and to react properly to it.

At the same time, organisation-legal approaches to maintenance bezopasyonosti the emperor demanded innovative methods of revealing and suppression of acts of terrorism at an early stage of preparation. Has sharply ripened necessity for harmonious interaction of services of imperial protection with the departments of political investigation which are carrying out operatively-search
Activity and having a wide network of the secret-service device as neither Rota palace the grenadier, nor SEIV the escort, Palace and Security guards had no that. However, III Branch of Own Its Imperatoryosky Majesty of the office, the Separate Case of gendarmes and it zhandarmyoskie managements on places, and also the general police operated is isolated, not purposefully, in a separation from the developed realities and complicated operayotivnoj conditions, using out-of-date tools and tactics protiyovostojanija to considerably adjusted circles of opposition that allowed terroriYostam-narodovoltsam to organise a number of acts of terrorism on the emperor. Despite neyokotorye the reforms undertaken in sphere of maintenance of safety of the monarch, harmonious interaction of services of imperial protection with departments poliyoticheskogo investigation it has not been reached, that as a result has led to death of emperor Alexander II.

After the introduction on Alexander's III Russian throne, to autumn of 1881 organizational formation of new guarding structure has come to the end, the whole package of the legal acts regulating it dejatelyonost, and also functional duties of the special parts constituting imperial protection which paramount problem was obespeyochenie safety of the emperor has been developed. It is remarkable, that henceforth over all system of imperial protection the person («the Main Chief of Protection of Its Imperial Majesty», later - «the Person on duty supervised at Its Imperial Majesty the General»), appointed the monarch and submitting iskljuchitelyono to the monarch.

Since this moment it is possible to speak about creation system, spetsiayolizirovannogo, independent institute of the state protection of Rossijyosky empire.

To conducting the head of imperial protection have been carried again sozyodannye new guarding structures. The summary infantry battalion (later - a regiment) carried out protection of the monarch by means of guard duty execution in imperial residences. For safety maintenance proezdov impeyoratorov on railways 1st Railway battalion has been formed,
Serving and protecting «a train of extreme importance». The palace police represented itself special police division, podveyodomstvennoe not the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and to the head of imperial protection, and carrying out of the problem on maintenance of safety of the first person of the state from terroyoristicheskih and other threats in the location of the emperor with a family.

With the advent of new special structures role Roty palace grenayoder, remaining under the authority of the minister of the Imperial Court yard, essentially decreases and from second half XIX century is reduced exclusively to paradnoyotseremonialnym to functions. If Own Its Imperial VelichestYOva the escort subordinated to the commander Imperial main kvartiyoroj, carrying out similar functions during celebratory actions, taki the basic loading bore all during an ohranitelno-guard duty and even took part in operations Rota palace the grenadier continued to exist as an honourable veteran part, giving a tribute to traditions.

At Nikolay II the system of imperial protection continued to be improved. The post of its head has been renamed in «Palace koyomendanta» which received the expanded powers on realisation svoyoih functions, and directly he has been subordinated any more to the emperor, and ministyoru the Imperial Court yard. Appointing to this post, the emperor rukovodstvoyovalsja, first of all, personal preferences. In the conditions of astable opeyorativnoj conditions caused by raised degree terrorist ugyoroz, the group «the Security agency subordinated to the Palace commandant» which carried out the activity in the private form, soyoprovozhdaja the emperor has been formed at departures of residence and trips on the country, including in the Rate of the Supreme commander in chief and on theatre of military men dejstyovy during the First World War. For coordination of activity of the various parts leaving imperial protection, Management of the Palace commandant with the Special department which collected operatively significant information on safety issues has been founded, spent the analytical
Work also constituted the reports intended to the head of imperial protection and personally to the emperor.

Created in last quarter of XIX century and developed to beginning HH century sisyotema the state protection of Russian empire it has appeared enough zhizyonesposobnoj and effective. Vee to a basis the principle of multigradualness and distribution of functions between various special army chastjayomi and police divisions laid. All their daily activity coped and co-ordinated by the uniform centre, - the Management of the Palace commandant subordinated to the minister of the Imperial Court yard, - obespechiyovajushchim protection of the emperor and his family from potential threats both in rezidenyotsijah, and out of them, during departures, travel, at carrying out prazdnichyonyh celebrations, and then and in the conditions of a wartime in direct interaction with bodies of political search.

Revolutions of 1917 have erased foundations of an imperial political system, avse structures of imperial protection have been abolished. However the practical experience which has been saved up the past centuries, could not disappear completely. Main principles and algorithms of actions in maintenance of safety of the first persons gosuyodarstva remained, adapted and improved during the come epoch, leaving the successors a considerable theoretical and practical heritage, including is standard-legal. At the present stage prodolyozhaet to remain essential the complex of threats, including terroristicheyoskoj orientations, concerning the first persons of the state proceeding from rayodikalno-adjusted separatists and extremists of the countries of near and far abroad. Thereupon it is possible to believe, that the istoriko-legal analysis funkyotsionirovanija systems of imperial protection as as a whole, and it sostavyoljajushchih structures in particular, will allow to draw adequately analogies with sostojayoniem the domestic doctrine of the state protection at the present stage and to predetermine a vector of the further development of the Federal protection service of the Russian Federation and its divisions, taking into account innovative tehnoloyogicheskih and scientific achievements in this sphere.

<< | >>
A source: Guchetl Arthur Azamatovich. INSTITUTE of the STATE PROTECTION of RUSSIAN EMPIRE XIX - HH CENTURIES (istoriko-legal research). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Krasnodar - 2014. 2014

More on topic THE CONCLUSION:

  1. the Conclusion
  2. THE CONCLUSION
  3. THE CONCLUSION
  4. the Conclusion
  5. the Conclusion
  6. THE CONCLUSION
  7. the Pathomorphologic conclusion
  8. THE CONCLUSION
  9. THE CONCLUSION
  10. THE CONCLUSION
  11. THE CONCLUSION
  12. THE CONCLUSION
  13. the Conclusion
  14. THE CONCLUSION
  15. the Conclusion
  16. THE CONCLUSION
  17. THE CONCLUSION
  18. the Conclusion
  19. THE CONCLUSION
  20. the Conclusion