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INTRODUCTION

In modern researches in the field of spherical shells the greatest working out was received by designs of domes on the basis of grids with triangular cells SHvedlera and CHivitta, Mukhin-Gvamichavy, and also geodetic systems of the domes-covers, which rods are ridges of the polygons entered in sphere, using razrezki M.S.Tupolev, the River Fuller, G.N.Pavlova, A.N.Supruna [2, 103, 113-115, 201-205].

At a choice of constructive schemes of domes-covers the working out and application tendency already at a stage formoobrazovanija these coatings of effective technological decisions of manufacturing of separate elements, a bench site joint of segments of envelopments, their erection with maintenance of the set accuracy of installation of a coating is looked through.

Work urgency. In total amount of expenses for erection of buildings with zalnymi the premises, overlapped by various envelopments, on coatings their essential part - 20 - 30 % on materialoemkosti and nearby 30 - 50 % on labour input is necessary. Therefore development of constructive forms of coatings substantially defines progress in all building sector. The precast envelopments formed of separate frame panels and panels-covers with a large-scale of factory readiness, including from panels with roof units that allows to reduce essentially labour expenses for a building site are here again most rational, to lower cost and building terms. Therefore working out of is constructive-technological forms of the coatings possessing advantages of precast spherical shells, their studying it is intense - a state of strain, working out of designs of the knots answering to new forms of coatings and to connections of prefabricated elements is one of actual problems of building of buildings with zalnymi premises.

Communication of work with the state scientific and technical programs. Researches on work were carried out within the limits of federal programs:
Priority directions of development of National research university «the Mordovian state university of N.P.Ogaryov» (ПНР-1) - «the Energy-saving and new materials» for 2010-2019 of the, confirmed by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation from July, 9th, 2010 № 757 within the limits of the program «Strategy nauchnoyotehnologicheskogo development and the national technological initiative of the Russian Federation»; the party program Uniform Russia «Development of small cities of Russia».

Degree of a readiness of a problem. Progress in the field of building of envelopments inseparably linked with reduction of a material consumption and reduction of expenditures of labour by roof structures and a basic contour, including, at erection of objects on a building site. In the field of dome coatings the best indicators by the specified criteria have precast spherical shells. Numerous examples of their building testify to it. Use of precast spherical domes - of envelopments concerns, as a rule, unique buildings and constructions (sports objects, the film concert halls, the roofed-in markets etc.) . Application of precast spherical shells in mass building restrains their raised labour input on a building site which is a consequence of low degree of their industrialisation. For the decision of this problem the is constructive-technological decisions based on industrialisation of their elements that defines a new direction in the field of precast spherical dome coatings of buildings and constructions are offered.

The work purpose: Research and working out of new types of precast spherical shells of coatings of buildings and constructions, development of their theory is constructive-technological formoobrazovanija and working out on this basis of knots and connections of the prefabricated elements providing their safe operation.

Research problems:

1. Working out of designs of prefabricated elements of envelopments with effective manufacturing techniques and the erections, answering to the new offered types razrezok precast spherical shells.

2. A choice and realisation of a geometrical triangular network on sphere as a new is constructive-technological basis razrezki spherical shells on prefabricated elements.

3. Definition of optimum parametres of geometrical single-level and two-level triangular networks of spherical shells in the form of flat or pyramidal panels, and also in the form of the structures providing effective decisions of load-carrying structures.

4. Working out of a technique of the automated construction of breakdowns sferiyocheskogo domes-covers on the panel allowing considerably to accelerate process of designing of spherical shells.

5. Formation of a complex technique experimental and theoretical studies of spherical shells from a tree and a steel authentically reflecting their VAT, and also influence of separate factors on durability, stability and a deformation property, both separate elements of coatings, and precast envelopments as a whole.

6. An estimation by means of experimental researches and the mathematical statistics of the basic laws of tensely - state of strain large-scale metalloderevjannyh models depending on their geometrical and physical parametres, ways opiranija, a various climatic conditions.

7. Working out of recommendations about perfection of methods of calculation and is constructive-technological decisions of precast spherical shells from a tree and a steel, allowing to appoint optimum parametres of coatings, more precisely to estimate the is intense-deformed condition of the offered
Designs to lower labour input of designing, manufacturing and installation of new designs of domes-covers.

8. Generalisation and introduction in practice of building of results of the executed researches, and also creation of scientific preconditions for development of a new direction on perfection of spherical shells of coatings of buildings and constructions.

Object of research - object of research are coatings of buildings and constructions in the form of precast spherical shells.

Object of research:

- Laws is constructive-technological formoobrazovanija precast spherical shells and domes, working out of designs of prefabricated elements of envelopments with effective manufacturing techniques and the erections, answering to the new offered types razrezok precast spherical domes-covers.

- Optimisation of geometrical and basic technical and economic parametres of designs; an estimation of features of the is intense-deformed condition of frame dome coatings and separate constructive parts of coatings depending on mechanical and physical characteristics of a material, geometrical parametres, external loadings and impacts.

Methodology and methods of the spent researches. In work theoretical study methods konstruktivnoyotehnologicheskih possibilities of precast spherical shells are used; laws optimum formoobrazovanija designs of dome coatings of buildings and constructions; methods of an experimental research of work of load-carrying structures of buildings and constructions; methods of mathematical statistics; the methods of the building and theoretical mechanics defining is intense-deformed conditions of designs. Reliability of results is caused physical and numerical by experiments, and also use of the proved mathematical models and methods and
Application of the modern approved means measuring and computer facilities. Experimental researches were carried out on the scaled natural samples.

The author protects:

- New constructive decisions of the spherical shells created on the basis of offered author effective razrezok of their surfaces on frame flat or pyramidal panels, new konstruktivnoyotehnologicheskie decisions of one-and two-level domes-covers from the integrated assembly panels with an incomplete framing, and also new types of knots of matings of prefabricated elements;

- Theoretical substantiation of possibility of formation of an effective triangular network with use of symmetry of the main lines of sphere and symmetry of the circles describing spherical four - five - and hexagons and with application of rational basic networks;

- Variants of optimisation of geometrical parametres of triangular networks on sphere. In each of them criterion of an optimality is the minimum number of standard sizes of constructive component parts and the minimum number of assembly elements of a dome, site joint and prestressing possibility.

- Application of is constructive-technological methods of formation of surfaces positive and negative gaussovoj skewness in the form of integral spherical shells of coatings with an industrialisation large-scale;

- Results of complex theoretical studies of designs integral one - and two-level spherical shells of coatings from a steel and lumber. The carried out researches allow to reveal laws of the is intense-deformed conditions of envelopments from konstruktivnoyoanizotropnyh materials depending on a sort and distribution schemes
External impacts, skewness of flying designs, influence of rigidness and an eccentricity of bearers;

- Techniques of definition of efforts and movings of elements of precast spherical shells of the coatings, allowing to consider following features: work of diverse materials in constructive parts, influences of geometrical imperfections on local stability of frame panels in domes-covers; estimations of the movings corresponding to geometrical and physical nonlinearity of designs;

- Data experimental and theoretical studies metalloderevjannyh the frame panels making a dome coating, and allowing to consider losses of prepressure of designs;

- Methods on regulation of efforts in integral two-level precast spherical shells of coatings and analytical dependences on calculation of key parametres of the is intense-deformed conditions of a flying design and elements of a basic contour.

Scientific novelty of work and the importance of the received results

Scientific novelty is made by the received results following for the first time:

- New is constructive-technological decisions of the spherical shells answering by the offered author to new types razrezok of a surface of spherical shells on prefabricated elements with a large-scale of industrialisation, and also new types of knots of matings of prefabricated elements are developed;

- Possibility of formation of an effective triangular network with use of symmetry of the main lines of sphere and symmetry of the circles describing spherical four - five-both hexagons and application of rational basic networks for the centres of these circles is theoretically proved;

- Designs with effective manufacturing techniques and erections are offered and developed, and also theoretical studies of coatings on the basis of perspective razrezok in the form of precast spherical, mesh or geodetic domes-covers, obrazuemyh from frame flat or pyramidal panels are spent;

- Is constructive-technological decisions of domes-covers and integral structural coatings from flat incomplete frame panels and the integrated pyramidal blocks are offered and developed;

- Variants of optimisation of geometrical parametres of triangular networks on sphere are resulted. In each of them criterion of an optimality is the minimum number of standard sizes of constructive component parts and the minimum number of assembly elements of a dome, site joint and prestressing possibility;

- Complex theoretical studies of integral single-level and two-level spherical shells of coatings positive gaussovoj skewness with a flying design from is constructive-anisotropic materials are spent. The carried out researches allow to reveal ' laws of the is intense-deformed conditions of envelopments from is constructive-anisotropic materials depending on a sort and schemes of distribution of external impacts, skewness of flying designs, influence of rigidness and eccentricities of an arrangement of bearers;

- The technique of definition of efforts and movings of elements of precast spherical shells of the coatings is approved, allowing to consider work of diverse materials in constructive parts, influence of geometrical imperfections on local stability of frame panels of domes-covers; an estimation of movings of the designs which are in area of geometrical and physical nonlinearity;

- Are spent experimental and theoretical studies metalloderevjannyh the frame panels making a dome coating, allowing to consider losses of prepressure of designs;

- Possibilities on regulation of efforts in prestressed two-level precast spherical shells of coatings are defined and analytical dependences on calculation of key parametres of tensely - state of strains of a flying design and elements of a basic contour are received.

The research area corresponds to requirements of the passport of scientific speciality VAK 05.23.01 - Building designs, buildings and

Constructions, namely: item 1. «The substantiation, research and working out of new types of bearing and non-load-bearing designs of buildings and constructions; item 2.« The substantiation, working out and optimisation of space-planning and constructive decisions of buildings and constructions taking into account processes proceeding in them, prirodno-climatic conditions, economic and structural safety on the basis of mathematical modelling with use of the automated means of researches and designing »; item 3« Creation and development of effective methods of calculation and experimental researches of again erected, restored and strengthened building designs, is the fullest of impacts considering specificity on them, property of materials, specificity of constructive decisions and other features.

Practical and theoretical value of the dissertation.

Work is spent according to perspective directions of development of a science: «Priority directions of development of National research university« the Mordovian state university of N.P.Ogaryov »(ПНР-1) -« the Energy-saving and new materials »on 2010­2019 of; the party program Uniform Russia« Development of parks of small cities of Russia ».

On the basis of developed algorithms the complex technique for PEVM by calculation of parametres of steel and wooden domes - of envelopments from frame flat or pyramidal panels is written and debugged; single layer and two-layer domes-covers from the integrated assembly panels with an incomplete framing; precast spherical shells from the integrated pyramidal blocks of integral structural coatings.

On the basis of the spent researches recommendations about calculation and designing of spherical domes from panels are developed. Results of scientific researches have found application at designing of two experimental dome coatings in Saransk, results of researches are used also in designing of objects in project institutes of of Saransk and of Moscow, and also in educational process arhitekturnoyostroitelnogo faculty of the Moscow State University of N.P.Ogaryov.

Approbatsija. On a dissertation theme 36 printing works are published. From them 21 article in scientific magazines of Russia and 5 abroad, including 15 publications in recommended VAK editions; and also in foreign databases: 5 in SCOPUS and 2 in WEB of SCIENCE; besides, it is received 6 copyright certificates and patents.

Dissertation materials are reported and discussed at scientific and technical seminars of chairs "Building materials and technologies", «Buildings, constructions and highways», at scientific and technical conferences in the Moscow State University of N.P.Ogaryov by 2012 2016 of; at the international scientific and technical conferences "MATES" in Paris and in Marrakesh (Morocco) 2016 2017 of

Structure and volume of dissertational work. The dissertation consists of introduction and five heads, the conclusion, the bibliographic list from 212 names and the appendix, total amount of 369 pages, including the basic text occupies 327 pages, 195 drawings, 14 tables.

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A source: Antoshkin Vasily Dmitrievich. is constructive-TECHNOLOGICAL DECISIONS of PRECAST SPHERICAL SHELLS. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Dr.Sci.Tech. Saransk - 2017. 2017

More on topic INTRODUCTION:

  1. in introduction
  2. INTRODUCTION
  3. INTRODUCTION
  4. 10.1. Introduction
  5. INTRODUCTION
  6. approbation and introduction of results.
  7. Introduction
  8. Introduction
  9. INTRODUCTION
  10. INTRODUCTION
  11. Introduction
  12. Introduction
  13. INTRODUCTION
  14. Instead of Introduction …
  15. PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION OF RESULTS OF WORK
  16. 5. Attention strengthening to questions of legal introduction.
  17. Introduction