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Features of existing designs of dynamic separators and a direction of their perfection

The nomenclature of the equipment for grading are tens models of such manufacturers as: Volgotsemmash, Magotteaux S.A., Christian Pfeiffer, FLSmidth, KHD, Polysius. Grading process in separators is mainly carried out under the influence of centrifugal, gravity and forces of inertia.

Thus efficiency of separation and a number of the parametres characterising productivity and quality of separation (selectivity, level bajpasa, fractional structure of a ready product, quantity of a ready product in krupke, dezagregirujushchaja ability) differ depending on a design [131]. Constructive make direct impact and on process of feed of a material in a separator, its distribution in the sizing machine, a movement trajectory pylegazovyh streams, dezagregatsiju, a conclusion of a ready product and krupki, regulation toniny a crushed fines and others. The grinding product moves from a mill in a separator in the various ways: kovshevym an elevator, to worm conveyors, on aerotrenches or combinations of the transporting equipment [6, 66].

To each of ways of loading of a material there should correspond arrangement and a design of intraseparator devices which are developed separately for each separator [34]. Material feed in a separator can be carried out on the branch pipes located in an upper part of a separator, through the entrance connecting pipe from below, and also "lateral" feed (drawing 1.9) [14, 37]. The scheme of feed of a material in an upper part assumes presence of one and more branch pipes. They can have rectangular or a circular section. Such feed can be carried out through the hollow bulwark. Usually, the material arrives in parallel a rotation axis of the vertical bulwark of a separator that is less effective, than feed in a certain working area of the switching centre at a food from above and sideways. Loading through the hollow bulwark is applied in designs where rotation of a power shaft of intraseparator devices is carried out with various frequency. This way of loading can be caused and switching centre presence in the bottom part of a separator.

Drawing 1.9 Scheme of feed of a material in a separator

- In the bottom branch pipe; - from above; - through the hollow bulwark; - "lateral"

Material feed through the hollow bulwark is not preferable as it complicates a design podshipnikovyh knots [79]. At position of the switching centre in the bottom part lateral feed [37, 74] can be applied. At such way of feed the feeding trench located in a separator, influences a direction and uniformity pylegazovyh streams. Loading through some trenches is more comprehensible - uniformity of distribution of particles increases at hit on

Distributive the device and in a gas stream on separator volume. So, air separator Presep VTP has four feeding trenches that provides uniform feed of a material on the switching centre. Thus a lack of such design is complexity of parting of a material on equal four streams. A pipe and a trench of feed of a material can have additional devices which tighten up a material, giving to it already at this stage, for example, centrifugal acceleration [105, 115].

It is necessary to notice, that the way of feed of a material in a separator influences separation process as a whole, therefore optimisation of a design of loading devices and a choice of a way and a place of its feed are one of ways of perfection of separators.

The feed providing increase dezagregatsii of particles of a material can be one of directions of increase of efficiency.

In centrifugal separators with dynamic elements (distributive and ventiljatornymi devices) the torque on the bulwark (rotor) of a separator is transferred basically through klinoremennuju transfer, a safety socket end or gear pair. First two ways allow to lower influence of an unbalance and bieny on the target bulwark of a drive that raises a resource of work and reliability [37, 39, 74]. To regulation of parametres of process and characteristics of a ready product apply electric motors with a changeable rotating speed that will allow to avoid stops on adjustment of a separator for change krupnosti a ready product [110]. It also gives the chance to change high-speed parametres not only gaseous streams, but also the particles arriving in a working area of separation that is important for selection of rational modes.

pylegazovoj suspensions in a separator apply switching centres to uniform dispersion of a material and formation. Particles should be distributed in a gas stream so that further it was possible to allocate from a stream necessary fraction with the minimum power expenses and the maximum accuracy [95]. To devices which create in a separator pylegazovuju a suspension, the rotating concern
Disks, plates, cones, lopastnye distributors. The material arriving on disseminating device receives centrifugal acceleration and is sprayed in a gas stream in the form of a suspension of particles in gas. Distributors are exposed to abrasive impact, them carry out from wearproof steels, protect naplavkoj, cover with special solutions and ceramic futerovkoj. In drawing 1.10 the flat distributive disk with wearproof elements in the form of sectors is presented. One of lacks of such design is non-uniform deterioration futerovki as the material arrives in one place on diameter equally kept away from a rotation axis.

Disseminating devices in the form of a disk with a cone in sredine allow to distribute a material in regular more intervals, than a disk, which design is presented above. The material rolls down from a cone at the expense of centrifugal and gravity forces. So, separator "polidor" 04000 has the switching centre with a cone, one of lacks of this design is use of four connecting drip moulds which interfere with movement of the material arriving on the switching centre (drawing 1.10) from above and break a trajectory of its movement.

Drawing 1.10 Switching centres of separators «Sturtevant SD» with futerovkoj; "polidor" with a bevel part

1,2 - sektory futerovki a disk, 3 - the disk base

Designs of disks can have radial ridges or shovels which give a certain trajectory to particles, and also create air streams [106]. At interaction with a blade material can destroy assembly units with weak communications between particles. Bound together particles in the assembly units rejected on walls of a separator, also collapse at collision, in case of achievement of sufficient internal pressure which exceed the forces of communication keeping parts together [102, 128]. Thus it is necessary to notice, that dezagregatsija at contact interactions will promote increase of efficiency of separation, owing to decrease in quantity of assembly units returned on a repeated grinding.

Having analysed designs of switching centres, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that increase of uniformity of distribution of a material and giving to particles of rational trajectories of movement for their grading and destruction of assembly units can be a direction of their perfection.

For creation of gas streams in a separator use various devices: dynamic - krylchatki, blowers and static - directive shovels, a louver, snails. Krylchatki in a separator create directed rotating pylevozdushnyj a stream which forces influence a suspended particles and give them trajectories of movement depending on them krupnosti. The trajectory of movement of particles depends on their mass and the form therefore, possessing in identical mass, but the different form of a particle, can have various trajectories and speeds of movement. The basic requirement to work of blowers is creation of the directed stream with a homogeneous field of speeds to minimise possibility of formation of turbulences and pulsations [97]. These criteria most close accept plane-parallel movement of a stream in a separation working area when the probability of hit of particles of the misfitting size in a ready product is minimum [120]. In this connection designs for creation of the directed gas streams should have high accuracy of manufacturing [78].

In drawing 1.11 the design krylchatki separator "polizius" which disk has demountable blades is presented. Change of number of blades for process management in parametres when through auditing hatches in the sizing machine case remove a part of blades, interrupt production, productivity pomolnogo a complex as a result decreases. For the decision of this problem Pirotsky Century Z has offered the gear of regulation which allows to change position of blades in an operating time of a separator [62]. A lack of this device is difficult privodnoj the gear of a manual type. Therefore working out of methods of automatic control of position of directive static and dynamic blades independently from each other, without an equipment stop, is an actual direction of perfection of the considered knots of a separator.

Drawing 1.11 Krylchatka a separator with blades

1 - the blade; 2 - a disk;

The rotating basket concerns dynamic devices for a tightening up of a stream and regulation of parametres of process of grading at the expense of a rotating speed, so-called «the squirrel cage», consisting of two disks connected among themselves blades or prutkami various sectional view which influence on pylegazovuju a suspension. There are designs with various quantity directing in a sort prutkov, shovels of the rectangular

Sectional views and with the difficult form which are established under a certain corner, as is shown in drawing 1.12.

Small particles together with an air stream passes between directing dynamic baskets and leaves through branch pipes of thin fraction. In this connection "cages" have a certain design which depends on productivity of a separator, parametres of an initial and ready product, and also from design features of the sizing machine.

Drawing 1.12 Types of directive elements of a basket (the sectional view is shown

Baskets):) blades are established under a corner; prutki a circular section; blades with the difficult form

There are devices, where static directive plates or shovels (drawing 1.13)) [5] are provided also. The static directive can have actuating units for adjustment of parametres of process of grading [4]. Plates also are established as "scales": so the system of a louver at separators SD of company Magotteaux has numbers static directing (drawing 1.13). These directive plates form a "false" wall separatsionnoj chambers. The plane of plates is crossed to a rotation axis of a basket from prutkov, and the angle of slope of each of plates concerning an axis forms a cone on which krupka, rejected by centrifugal forces, rolls down in a cone of a large product.

Such way of installation of plates allows to detain a material in a grading working area, hit of a ready product in krupku thus decreases. Assembly units of particles, co-operating with static elements, also can

To collapse. Directive plates or their surface are carried out from the wearproof materials steady against abrasive impact.

1.13 Static guides sectional view of a working area of separation Christian Pfeiffer QDK 31-N, where 1 - rotor plates; 2 - static directing; a directive louver in the form of "scales" of separator MAGOTTEAUX S.A. SD («Sturtevant SD»)

The considered designs of separator devices have specially intended for dezagregatsii no elements, therefore creation of feeding devices, ventiljatornyh wheels, krylchatok, static and dynamic plates of intraseparator devices which allow to raise dezagregirujushchuju ability of a separator is a direction of perfection and increase of productivity of separators [41].

1.4

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A source: Trofimchenko Vladimir Nikolaevich. PERFECTION of PROCESS DEZAGREGATSII of PARTICLES of the MATERIAL In the DYNAMIC SEPARATOR With the DEVICE In the form of mnogozahodnyh TAPES. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Tech.Sci. Belgorod - 2017. 2017

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