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6.1. Preventive actions at gastsrofilege horses.

Preventive actions include the general actions for the prevention of infection of horses originators gasterofileza. With that end in view in days of mass summer imago gadflies many authors recommend to contain horses in premises, sheds or under canopies and pastbu to make at ranne-morning and evening o'clock, and it is more rational only at night.

In summer months to spend planned change vypasov: every 25-30 days to overtake (at night, or in cool rainy weather) on new vypasa, otstojashchie on 10-12 km from borders of the left pasture.

To improve feeding, leaving and the maintenance of horses for rising of resistance of an organism. Regularly to clean excrements in stables, shelters, canopies and biotermncheshi to decontaminate. Considering biological features

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Gadflies to fast diffusion, it is necessary obligatory karantinizatsija all kinds of the horses arriving in an economy by their preventive processing recommended parazitotsidami of a wide spectrum of action in doses similar at early chemotherapy.

For destruction imago gadflies of sort Gasterophilus it is important dezinsetsirovat, according to the instruction, external walls of stables, summer canopies, fencings and levad from June till August, in 15 days, using one of following preparations: 0,0125 %-s' water emulsion butoksa or 0,0125 % an emulsion tsi a handrail.

On individual farmsteads, farms in the presence of a small livestock of horses it is possible to scrape mechanically eggs gasterofiljusov an edge of an acute knife, a fine emery paper once a week within summer of gadflies.

In summer of gadflies gastsrofilezov it is necessary to make spraying (processings) of horses for preventive maintenance for are sewn up them from attacking females of gastric gadflies with use of water emulsions butoksa on 1-2л and tsiperila in a dose 3-4л on one animal with an interval of 15 days.

Quantity imago gadflies of sort Gasterophilus in mass summer defined behaviour of horses on a pasture and direct impact on a physiological condition and fatness of animals made. Therefore protection of horses in our case from imago gastroenteric gadflies during the summer period was an obligatory and paramount problem.

For the purpose of protection of horses from imago gadflies of sort Gasterophilus for seasons 1997-2003г.г. Preparations accessible to us have been tested: stomozan, neostomozan, butoks and a preparation tsiperil.

Stomozan - a transparent, light brown liquid with the maintenance of 23,5 % permetrina. A water emulsion of white colour. A preparation malotoksichen for horses, fotostabilen. The water emulsion in 0,1 % of concentration (on DV) from calculation 1,5-2л on one horse was applied.

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Butoks - the yellowish liquid containing 0,5 % of operating substance - deltametrina. We will well dissolve in water, it is stable, a little toxic for agricultural animals and the person. Spraying of horses made 0,0125 %-s' water emulsion of a preparation from calculation 1,5-2, Ol on one animal.

Thus animals of skilled and control group were in one herd, and a feeding regimen, poenija and leaving were identical. Processing spent a method of spraying with the help rantsevogo pnevmoticheskogo sprayer ORP - "avtomaks" from calculation 1,5-2,0л on one animal. Within 5-6 days the general observations over the processed animals were spent, in 12-15 days processing repeated.

Any deviations from the party kolenogo an integument, the general physiological condition it was not observed. In the autumn from group control and processed stomozanom animals it has been killed on 5 goals, and from group processed butoksom on 4 heads; survey with calculation of quantity of larvas in a gastroenteric tract is made and efficiency (EI and AI) processings by the given preparations (indicators EI and AI see tab. 22) was defined.

neostomozan firms "CEVA Sante Animate" (France), it is intended for struggle against ectozoons of animals, represents insektoakaritsidnyj a preparation containing in 100мл., as operating substance, an admixture synthetic piritroidov a transmix (5г) and tetrametrina (0,5г.), and also auxiliary components: piperanil butoksid - 10,0г., an anhydrase of acetic acid - 0,3г., butilgidroksitoluei - 0,3г., a liquid paraffin - 15,0г., "zherenol MS" - 3,9г., "zherenol FF 4" - 16,1г., "solvesso-100" to 100мл. The transparent solution of zheltovato-brown colour, is a little toxic, does not render mestno-irritating and sensitising action.

The working solution prepared directly ahead of application. Preliminary navesku piretroida it was admixed with a water small amount, and then such mother solution was located in sprayer capacity, and water to the necessary concentration was added. It was applied neostomozan in

M

Delution 1:400 (1л ieostomozona ua 400л waters) a spraying method in a dose

10ml/kg of mass of a body.

In experience 10 horses of different age stole up. The skilled group was processed by a working solution neostomozana, and observations were conducted. The control group of horses vypasalas together with skilled group, also was not processed. At the processed horses two times a day the body temperature, pulse, quantity of respiratory movements was measured and were spent entomologicheskie accounts behind activity imago gastric gadflies. Thus within 5 days after processing at this group of animals on sherstnom an integument of egg of gadflies were not found out. Also horses on a pasture did not worry, behaved easy. Animals of control group naobrrot acutely reacted to approach of gastric gadflies, often interrupted pastbu.

In October on lethal point of an economy from each group it has been killed on 3 heads. At parasitologic opening of a gastroenteric tract at horses from experimental group presence of 175 larvas, at horses control - 964 larvas is registered.

Any deviations in a clinical condition of an organism of the processed horses who are mestno-irritating and sensitising action of a preparation it did not become perceptible. The preparation was well transferred by animals. Processing during a season was spent three times in 12-15 days.

Have similarly made preparation approbation tsiperil. Being insektoakaritsidom, operating which substance is tsipermetrin (RS) - 3 - fenoksibenzil (! RS) - tsis, a trance - 3 (2 (2-dihlorvinil)-2,2-dimetiltsiklopropan - karboksilat. TSiperil - a liquid of yellowish colour with an aromatic smell, it is good emulgirujushchajasja in the water, containing 5 % tsipermegrina. The preparation sredietoksichen, is made in research-and-production association "Narvak", applied according to the time manual, confirmed by Department vegerinarii from 13.04.2000 № 13-4-2/1965 on application tsiperila to struggle against ectozoons.

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Processings during a season were made, in dynes of high number and activity of summer imago the gastric gadflies, three times with an interval in 15 days. Groups of two-year-old horses (on 5 goals) which contained on vypasah in the general herd with that end in view stole up. Processing was spent by a method of dispersion of 0,0125 % of a solution tsiperila in volume Zl on one animal before full wetting dermo-scalp horses. The working solution of an emulsion prepared before application. Quantity calculation tsiperila for emulsion preparation made under the formula: X = And h In: With, where the X-quantity of a preparation necessary for preparation of a working emulsion; the A-quantity of a working emulsion necessary for processing; In - concentration of operating substance (%) which should be received in a working emulsion; the S-maintenance dv in a concentrate of an emulsion (%).

For example: H = 15 l. h 0,0125 % / 5 % - 0,0375кг, that is for preparation of a working emulsion of 15 l are necessary to take 37,5 ml of a concentrate of a solution of 5 %.

Duration of protective action of preparations was defined by a method of daily evening visual survey of a scalp of the processed horses about presence of eggs of gastric gadflies.

As the control horses from the SAME herd, killed on meat served in the late autumn. Results of tests of the given preparations are presented in table 22.

As follows from table 22 data, butoks and tsiperil in examinees concentration and volumes completely (100 %) protect horses from imago gastric gadflies during - 6 days, on 75 % - 7-12 days, on 50 % • 12-17 days. Stomozan and neostomozan provided protection of horses against infection with eggs of parasites on 100 % - no more than 4 days, for 75 % 5-10 days and on 50 % within 9-14 days. Considering, that horses were processed by preparations from group synthetic peritroidov is triple, the general term of duration of satisfactory protective action made 45-50 days during the period

MOUSTACHE

Table 22 Duration of action of preparations on imago gastric gadflies of horses and their efficiency

№ the preparation Name Summer processings Autumn research

Kol-in horses

її experience (a goal.) in | ї And frequency rate of processing

For a season (time) duration of protective action, days. It is killed horses in experience,

Goals kol-in

Larvas,

The taped

At

parazntolognche

skom opening,

Copy Intenseffek-tivnost, %

100 % OF 75 % OF 50 %

1 Stomazan 16 opryskivani e 0,1 % of 2 l. 3 times in 12-15 days 2-4 5-7 9-Ю 5 215 85,0

The control 16 - - - - - e 1430 - 2 Butoks 7 of 2 l sprayed e 0,0125 %. 3 times in 12-15 days 4-6 8-12 13-17 4 92 92,2

Koarol 7 - - - - - 4 1176 - 3 neostomozan 10 opryskivani e 0,1 % 2 I. (10mg/kg) 3 times in 12-15 days 3-4 6-10 12-14 3 175 81,8

The control 10 - - - - - 3 964 - 4 TSiperil 5 opryskivani e 0,0125 % of 3 l. 3 times in 12-15 days 4-6 7-11 12-16 5 125 90,8

Ko§ggrol 5 - - - - 5 1365 - 97

Active summer imago gastric gadflies. Efficiency of preparations on indicator IE has made: stomozana - 85,0 %, butoksa ¦ 92,2 %, neostomozana-81,8 %, piperila - 90,8 %. Thus the quantity of larvas in a gastroenteric tract of the processed horses has decreased with 5,5 - 12,7 times in comparison with control animals.

Thus, summer sprayings of horses by one of the resulted preparations allow to reduce quantity imago gastric gadflies in the nature and to lower contamination of horses larvas of gadflies of sort Gasierophilus and are obligatory actions for preventive maintenance gasterofileza.

6.2 Therapy

Carrying out of a complex of preventive actions during the summer period allows to lower considerably number imago gastric gadflies in the nature and quantity of larvas in a gastroenteric tract of horses. But the given actions do not give 100,0 % of effect in struggle with ovodovymi illnesses of horses. For the purpose of remission of horses of larvas of gastric gadflies, for chemotherapy carrying out a number of preparations is used. We test preparations from group of macrocyclic lactones - ekvitin, santomektin, avertin, novomek, ekvisekt, perpanil plus, bajmek, ekvist in various regions of Altay territory.

Ekvitin. new medicinal form in the form of Pasta on a basis avermektina With (farmatsina) - a product of a fermentation of a fungus streptomyces avermitilis. The preparation is developed in Altay NIVS. Tests spent in March 1997г. In state farm Melnikovsky Novichihinsky district of Altay territory on spontaneous invazirovannyh horses. Of 18 horses at the age of 4-8 years have formed 3 interconvertible groups on 6 goals in everyone. An animal of the first group set ekvitin in the therapeutic dose peer to 0,2mg/kg on DV, the second - in a triple therapeutic dose - 0,6mg/kg perorally, unitary. Horses of the third group did not receive and served as the control.

Within 72 hours conducted clinical observations, measured a body temperature of horses, counted up quantity of warm jerks and respiratory

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Movements one minute (table 23). Blood took from a bulbar vein of experimental and control groups of horses to and in 24 hours after preparation introduction. Investigated blood by the standard technique: the quantity of erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and a colour indicator (table 24) defined. From physical properties of urine defined: colour, a transparency, a consistence, a smell and a specific gravity. From chemical indicators defined urine reaction, the maintenance of fiber, carbohydrates, an urobilin, pigments of blood, cholic pigments and acids.

The received results of clinical observations for loshadmi, received ekvitin in therapeutic and in 3 times to the enlarged dose, are presented in table 23 and testify to absence of essential changes in indicators of a clinical condition of horses to, and after a summer residence ekvitina - Results of hematological indicators of horses before and after a summer residence ekvitina are presented in table 24, of which data the difference in number of erythrocytes, lejkotsiton, a haemoglobin content and a colour indicator (> 0,05) before and after a summer residence ekvitina is not traced. At research qualitative and quantity indicators of urine of animals before and after a summer residence ekvitina in therapeutic and in 3 times to the enlarged dose it is not established any changes (table 25).

Thus, ekvitin in therapeutic (0,2 mg/kg) and in 3 times to the enlarged dose (0,6 mg/kg on dv) do not cause changes in a clinical condition, hematological indicators, and also in urine of horses.

Conditions of the maintenance and feeding of experimental and control animals during all experiment was identical and corresponded sample for the given economy.

Efficiency of a preparation considered in 30 days after a preparation summer residence, at incomplete parasitologic opening on presence of larvas of gadflies or their traces on a surface of a mucosa of a gastroenteric tract. Ekvitin at gastrofileze has shown 100 % medical efficiency, thus

w

Table 23

The general clinical researches of horses before application ekvitina

Indicators Stat.

Criteria the Dose of 0,2mg/kg the Dose of 0,6 mg/kg the Control

To a summer residence After a summer residence To a summer residence After a summer residence To a summer residence After a summer residence the Body temperature 37,8 37,9 38,0 37,9 37,8 37,9

M +-т 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 Quantity

The warm

Jerks 1 minute 76 78 79 77 78 80

M +-т 2,8 2,6 3,4 - 2,4 3,2 2.8 Quantity

The respiratory

Movements in 1

Minute 20,1 22,0 21,4 22,3 20,8 21,4

M +-т 1,1 1,0 0,9 1,2 1,1 1,0 Note: the difference in indicators before preparation introduction was insignificant (> 0,05).

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Tabliia 24 Given blood analysises of horses before introduction ekvitina

Indicators Stat. Criteria the Dose of 0,2mg/kg the Dose of 0,6 mg/kg the Control

Dodachi After a summer residence To a summer residence After summer residence Dodachi After a summer residence Erythrocytes, ml. 6,4 6,2 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3

M +-т 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,3 0,2 Leucocytes, thousand 9,2 9,1 9,0 9,2 9,3 9,2

M +-т 0,6 0,7 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,4 Hemoglobin 86,3 82,7 85,2 83,7 84,2 84,5

M +-т 1,2 1,0 1Л 1,4 1,7 1,3 Color indicator 0,96 0,97 0,92 0,97 0,94 0,95 101

Table 25

Indicators of research of urine of horses before application ekvintina

Indicators Before introduction After introduction

Dose of 0,2 mg/kg the Dose of 0,6 mg/kg

1 2 3 4 I. PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 1 Colour it is light - yellow it is light - yellow It is light - yellow 2 Has begun to smell a specific Specific Specific 3 Transparency a transparent Transparent Transparent 4 Consistence a watery Watery Watery 5 Specific gravity 1,021-1,052 1,020-1,060 1,021-1,058 Items CHEMICAL PROPERTIES I Reaction weakly - alkaline weakly - alkaline Weakly - alkaline 2 Fibers is absent Is absent There are no 3 Carbohydrates is absent Is absent There is no 4 Acetone is absent There are no Is absent 5 Urobelin is absent Is absent Is absent 6 Indikon is absent Is absent Is absent 7 Pigments of blood is absent Is absent Is absent 8 Cholic pigments is absent Is absent Is absent 9 Cholic acids is absent Is absent Is absent 102

It was well transferred loshadmi, even at triple augmentation of a dose and not

Rendered a side effect (table 26).

In N.P.F. (VICK) is developed a complex preparation on a basis enektotsida-invermektina and fastsiotsida-klosantela, under the name santomektin.

In this connection we have set for ourselves a problem to study action santomektina on larvas of gastric gadflies at gasterofileze horses.

Test santomektina spent on horses in PSK "Russia" Novichihinsky district of Altay territory in January-February 1998г. Santomektin applied subcutaneously unitary in the field of a neck, in the form of a solution with the maintenance of 0,5 % ivermektina and 12,5 % klosantela in a dose of 0,1 mg/kg on ivermektinu and 2,5 g/kg - on klosantelu from solution calculation in I ml on 50кг. Masses of a body of a horse. The injection place was disinfected by 70 % an alcohol solution.

Animal of the second group - 7 goals did not enter a preparation, these horses served as the control. Efficiency santomektina considered on the basis of parasitologic opening of a gastroenteric tract vybrakovannyh and the killed animals on three heads from each group in 25 days after preparation introduction.

At parasitologic opening of a gastroenteric tract of three goals of control group it is revealed on the average on 292 larvas. In the gastroenteric channel there were larvas of several kinds gastrofiljusov. So from a cardinal part of a stomach larvas of kind Gasterophilus intestinalis, on a mucosa of stomach G have been collected. haemorrhoidalis and kind G. pecorum, in duodenum G.velerinus. And at slaughter of three horses of under control group in a gastroenteric tract of larvas of gastric gadflies it is not revealed. In places of an attachment of larvas gasterofiljusov, in a fundal part of a stomach are found out krateroobraziye excavations with giperemirovannymi and the swelled edges. Medical

Efficiency (table 26) has made 100 %.

Thus, santomektin in the form of a solution with the maintenance of 0,5 % ivermektina and 12.5 % klosantela in a dose of 0,1 mg/kg ivermektina and 2,5 mg/kg on

juz

klosantelu from calculation of 1 ml on 50 kg of mass of the body, set during the period parazitirovanija larvas of gastric gadflies in a digestive tube-renders to horses on them of 100 % pernicious action.

The wide spectrum of action, high therapeutic effect and harmlessness santomekgina define its high qualities.

Avertin - makes Joint-Stock Company Agrovstservis (Moskia), an antiparasitic powder of a wide spectrum of action. Operating substance of 0,2 % th abamektinovyj a group complex avermektinov, received from strain Streptomyces avermitilis VJU. І M S-1440. On appearance is a powder of light grey colour, negigroskopichen, in water we will not dissolve, it is easily admixed with a forage.

The action mechanism is caused by blocking of transfer of nervous impulses between the nervous terminations and cells of a muscular tissue.

For efficiency revealing avertina at gasterofileze horses have spent two experiences on spontaneous invazirovannyh horses. With that end in view in one experience in experimental group in number of 5 horses individually, twice - in morning feeding set avermektin with a forage. In other experience to 15 horses have similarly set avertin in morning feeding two days on end group method. As the control not processed horses served. Avertin - a powder applied in a 50mg/kg dose (0,2mg/kg on dv) individually and a group method in an admixture with a dry feed in morning feeding two days on end.

Results of treatment considered according to slaughter and parasitologic opening of a gastroenteric tract in 40-45 days after a preparation summer residence.

Analyzing the obtained data, it is established, that avertin - a powder at double, group skarmlivanii with a forage in a dose of 50 mg/kg has not provided 100,0 % of efficiency. It is bound, it is probable that at group application avertina with a forage, not to all horses the therapeutic dose of a preparation gets.

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At an individual summer residence avertina in a dose of 50 mg/kg twice the preparation has shown 100,0 % effect at gasterofileze horses. At group skarmlivanii, at one horse 28 larvas of III age of sort Gasterophilus are revealed. EE has made - 93,4 %, IE - 97,2 %. Avertin in the form of a powder possesses a wide spectrum antnparazitarnogo actions, it is harmless, convenient in application. On high efficiency avertina a powder at gastrofileze and rinestroze horses informed Skira V. N, Berezkina ST. and others (1999).

Novomek - operating substance ivermektin (22,23 digidroavermektin Bi), receive from strain Slreplomyces avermitilis. Novomek blocks transfer of nervous impulses, causing a paralysis, and then  destruction of a parasite.

In November 2001г. Studied parasitogenic effekshvnost a preparation "Novomek" on horses various polovozrastnyh the groups belonging PSK "Russia" of Novichihinsky district of Altay territory.

The analogues of animals selected by a principle have parted on two groups. To horses of the first group (5 goals) have entered a preparation "Novomek" in a dose of 1 ml on 50 kg of mass of a body intramusculary, unitary. During all ї-о experience of a horse control and ispytuemoj groups were in identical conditions, feeding and the maintenance were identical. Daily within 10 days from the moment of preparation introduction considered the general condition of an organism, appetite, a condition of integuments and mucosas, behaviour, took temperature, pulse, quantity of respiratory movements. On the basis of the received data have established, that "Novomek" at intramuscular introduction in a dose of 1 ml on 50 kg of live mass jae render to horses of negative influence on an organism of horses. The clinical condition of animals was in limits of physiological norm, deviations in behavioural, mestio irritating and allergic reactions, did not register.

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Efficiency of a preparation novomek judged by results parazitologichsskogo openings killed through 35 days on lethal point of horses, on 3 heads from each group. At processed novomekom three hammered horses of larvas of sort Gasterophilus it is not revealed, though on mucous a duodenum stomach crateriform excavations are clearly visible. At horses of control group at parasitologic opening of a gastroenteric tract 584 LARVAS are collected.

Thus, intramuscular introduction of a preparation novomek in a dose 1мл. On 50кг. Mass of a body does not render any side effect and is harmless to an organism of horses. Efficiency novomeka against larvas of sort Gasterophilus has made 100,0 %.

In the autumn 2002г. We had been tested a number of preparations for the purpose of revealing of their parasitogenic efficiency at gasterofileze horses: ekvisekt, verpanil plus, bajmek, ekvist.

Ekvisekt - 1 % Pasta (1г. A preparation contains 10 mg aversektiia), concluded in a special syringe - a batcher in mass 14 g and it is developed by research-and-production association "Farmbiotek". One part of a preparation contains 10 mg aversektina S.Vvodili to horses Pasta individually, perorally, unitary in volume 2г on 100кг body masses (0,2 mg/kg on dv).

Applied on spontaneously infected 3 horses in November 2002г. In SPK "the Dawn of Altai" Novichihinsky district. As the control horses of the same herd which was not receiving ekvisekt served.

Verpanil plus - OSRKA) represents Mebendazolum combination (8 mg/kg) and metrifonita (40 mg/kg) in the form of Pasta. Have applied individually, odiokratno.

Pasta verpanil plus entered in the identical image to 3 horses in a dose of 1 syringe in the same herd.

Bajmek - manufacture firms "Bayers" (Germany) in the form of 1 % of a solution entered into neck area unitary in a dose of 0,2 mg/kg, subcutaneously, to 3rd horses of the same herd.

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Ekvist - Pasta with the maintenance in 1г 18,92 mg moksidektina. Applied unitary, perorally, individually in a dose of live weight of an animal of 0,4 mg/kg, on 3 horses.

At test first of all it was studied larnotsidnoe action of various preparations of a wide spectrum of action makrotsikli cheskogo a number in various zones of Altay territory. Larvotsidnuju efficiency of preparations on larvas of gastric gadflies defined at slaughter (experimental and control groups) horses in 25-40 days. These data also have been reflected in table 26.

For studying of action of various preparations of macrocyclic lactones on an organism of horses, selected animals-analogues of a various floor and age, as control, and for research. For experimental animals, after introduction-jugo or other preparation, it was conducted реіулярное observation. The animals who have received preparations, transferred them without visible changes. Thus clinical indicators: pulse, temperature, quantity of respiratory movements remained within physiological norms.

Preparations of a macrocyclic number: ekvitin, santomektin, avertin, novomek, ekvisekt, verpanil plus, bojmek and ekvist in therapeutic doses at test in various zones of Altay territory 100 % have shown parasitogenic effect.

At observation at experimental horses it was not registered any by-effects characterising toxicity of macrocyclic lactones. In 4-5 hours after introduction of preparations insignificant lifting of a body temperature on 0,1-0,3 was observed With, pulse on 2-4 blows became frequent and respiratory movements on 2-4 in a minute were temporarily enlarged. In 2-3 days all these indicators came to initial sizes and the difference of indicators in the given cases had not essential character (> 0,05).

In first two days, from biochemical indicators of blood, haemoglobin depression on 1-3,6 %, augmentation of quantity of erythrocytes to 1 %, leucocytes to 2 % became perceptible. The colour indicator of blood was slightly enlarged.

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Table 26

Parasitogenic efficiency of preparations of a macrocyclic number at gastrofileze horses

The preparation name Kol-in a head

OPNG Є the Dose of the Preparation Frequency rate of introduction the Method of introduction podvsr і'нуто to slaughter (goals) It is revealed Efficiency. %

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A source: NEKRASOV VICTOR DMITRIEVICH. GASTROFILEZ HORSES, THE MEASURE OF STRUGGLE AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IN ALTAY TERRITORY. 2004

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