<<
>>

3.3. Model of the integrated system of technological development and possibility of its realisation in Russia

Construction of model of the integrated system of technological development we will consider proceeding from an estimation of possible variants of realisation of the state industrial policy with allocation as one of the basic components of this model interaction from the multinational corporation.

We will be based thus on the following substantive provisions reasonable in the previous paragraphs:

- The world market of high technologies is divided for a long time and rigidly supervised by leaders of the multinational corporation;

- Attraction of transnational corporations as "locomotives" of world innovative processes is the extremely necessary for formation of technological potential of the country;

- In the country there are islets of the innovative potential, certain scientifically - technical reserve in individual industries;

- At practically completely morally and actually out-of-date research equipment in the country preparation enough competent shots was saved and conducted;

- The chosen strategy of interaction with transnational corporations is focused on creation some the innovative centres which are not covering completely all nomenclature of industrial development;

- Considered strategy of interaction with transnational corporations does not mention questions of maintenance of innovative development of a military-industrial complex which should be carried out, in our opinion, under essentially other scenario though and closely to interact with a case in point.

Besides, construction of model of the integrated system of technological development is based on the analysis of a perspective state industrial policy and measures of state regulation of innovative activity in the Russian Federation.

If to judge not under applications, and on an actual state of affairs on the present moment to speak about a definitive choice of a direction of a state policy it is not necessary. Actually the country faces till now to a choice of two directions of development: the industrial policy focused on independent development of the country, and the policy directed on embedding of the country in economic on a basis

Maintenance of competitiveness of the separate hi-tech

Industries (fig. 3.1 see. And. 3.2.).

For the first time the official point of view of a management of the state has found the reflexion in the message of the president to Federal meeting in March 2002 g, In substantive provisions of this message is told:

- It is necessary to help for the Russian developers to be built in world venture capital market;

- It is necessary to condition for healthy kommertsializatsii applied science in the country, including — by creation of joint ventures in the country and abroad;

- Is inexpedient to restore model of scientific and technical progress of last years.

But at task in view realisation there are the objective reasons, stirring to direct transition of the domestic industry to the model based on its complete entry in the world market of hi-tech production.

Fig. 3.1. A variant of the industrial policy based on autonomy of economic development of the state.

The industrial policy based on embedding in the world

Economy and maintenance of competitiveness of individual industries

Measures direct gos.

Effects

Measures of indirect effect

Tax and budgetary regulation

Creation of an effective system of patenting and protection

The intellectual

Properties

The antimonopoly

Regulation

Definition of a direction of development of priority branches

Currency and a financial policy

Fig. 3.2. An economic policy variant, on country entry in the world market of high technologies

The following concerns such reasons:

1. The industrial enterprises constructed still in the Soviet time and the industries generated on their base suggest the state to cover them with "a protectionist umbrella", having protected from a foreign competitiveness traffic walls and having supported export by subsidising and low rates for services and production of natural monopolies.

2. The special inquiry on state prompolitiku is presented by the large Russian integrated business groups (IBG), successfully adapting for working conditions in the open market and having, as

• the rule, raw specialisation. The given companies face maximum loads on an infrastructural economy of the country, with withdrawals in the budget of a significant share of the prirodno-raw rent and impossibility to divide budgetary burden with other tax bearers. Therefore IBG lodge a claim to the state about creation for them preferentsy as for leading sector of economy - "national champions".

3. Government bodies staropromyshlennyh regions, having in quality

• economic base the out-of-date industry, not possessing an alternative bid of employment of the people taken in it, are compelled to formulate and realise own kvazigosudarstvennuju "the industrial policy". Regions would like to divide responsibility (and the main thing - financing) for this policy with the federal centre, requiring of it self-determination in the relation is not so much individual industries, technologies or the enterprises, how many territorial and production complexes.

4. The so-called technological lobby supporting the state protectionism to innovative workings out and introduction of new technologies is rather influential in Russia. It anxious by loss of the items as the developer and the seller of technologies, requires technological protectionism, preferentsy for the Russian researches and development.

5. Special group of the agents interested in definition of the state item in relation to the national industry,
Representatives of that sector of the Russian economy which quite adapted for a life in the global market make. They insist on failure of the "rigid" industrial policy and on transition to mainly indirect government economy with the help institutsionalnyh (reguljativnyh) measures.

Except for the fifth group of the reasons all the others counteract active involving of transnational corporations in innovative formation of the country.

For realisation of the declared plans of construction of an industrial policy

• the countries Minpromnaukoj have been allocated the basic directions by this policy where have entered:

• information, telecommunication technologies, electronics;

• new materials and chemical technologies;

• new transport technologies;

• ecology and rational wildlife management;

• energosberegajushchie technologies;

• • technologies of live systems;

• industrial technologies;

• air and a space technology;

• military and a special equipment.

It is not difficult to notice, that in all indicated areas in the world market transnational corporations completely dominate. From what it is necessary to draw a conclusion on necessity of attraction of transnational corporations for innovative development of the country.

For realisation and regulation of the industrial policy directed on entry in the countries in global economic space following mechanisms of regulation of innovative processes can be used:

Accumulation of means for scientific researches and innovations;

• coordination of innovative activity, i.e. definition of the general strategic reference points of innovative processes;

• stimulation of innovations;

• creation of legal base of innovative processes;

• formation of a scientifically-innovative infrastructure;

• institutsionalnoe maintenance of innovative processes;

• regulation of a socially-ecological orientation of innovations;

• increase of the public status of innovative activity;

• regional regulation of innovative processes;

• regulation of the international aspects of innovative processes

(Scientific and technical and innovative cooperation, and also the international transfer of innovations);

Complexity of object and width of a spectrum of aspects of regulation cause necessity of working out of the state innovative policy - a complex of the purposes, and also methods of effect of the state structures on economy and company in whole, connected with initiation and increase of economic and social efficiency of innovative processes. Measures of the state innovative policy should include competitiveness stimulation, company information, standardization and certification of products and services. Besides it, the state should carry out support of innovative activity. This support can be carried out by direct and indirect methods.

Financing of research and development and innovative projects from budgetary funds, protection of the rights of participants of innovative activity concerns direct methods (creation state patentnoyolitsenzionnoj systems), formation of the state innovative infrastructure and the market of innovations, preparation of qualified personnel, and also encouragement of innovative activity (delivery by outstanding scientist and to innovators of the state awards, assignment of honorary titles etc.). Significance of indirect methods of the state

Supports of innovations the mediated is defined first of all by that

• stimulation requires considerably smaller budgetary expenses, than direct financing that is especially actual for modern Russia.

Among measures of indirect regulation, first of all, it is necessary to allocate various tax privileges, including reduction of the VAT, the tax from sales, the preferential taxation of dividends, the preferential taxation of profit and so on. Indirect support of innovative activity can be carried out also at the expense of the state support of a financial leasing (appropriation of means for the repayment of cars and the equipment at the manufacturer with

• their subsequent transfer legal and to physical persons in time use for the established payment) and franchajzinga (the right to the creation of the innovative enterprises represented for the certain period and fixed in the agreement). Rather an effective measure is national insurance of venture business which allows to create necessary investment base for support of small and average innovative business.

• Practical realisation Minpromnauki sees in realisation during a life of following actions for formation in scientifically-technological sphere of a segment of an innovative infrastructure:

1. Within 4-5 years creation «in all leading state scientific organisations» agencies on a transfer of technologies, that is specialised structures inkubirovanija the hi-tech companies at the initial stage of their life;

2. Expansion of practice of realisation of venture fairs in regions of Russia;

3. In 2003-2004 to create 10 regional venture funds with a state participation in country regions;

4. Use of available funds of research and development on support of small technological business;

5. Necessity of revision of the taxation order for small and average hi-tech the companies;

6. Creation of interdepartmental coordination council on venture activity;

7. Reinvestirovanie incomes of the state share in venture projects in venture projects etc.

But financial mechanisms of realisation of the concept are defined not accurately, basically — «from available possibilities». Though, at the same time it is possible to notice, that practically all actions promote attraction of transnational corporations in the country. The given actions do not cover action of nation-wide scale for stimulation to multinational corporation attraction without what is absent sistemnost in state policy realisation in the given question.

In our opinion, in a basis of conducted actions it is necessary to put the conclusions reasonable in the second chapter that integrated systems of technological development should be guided by development only strictly certain industries. Secondly, attraction to realisation proryvnyh multinational corporation directions is obligatory. The model of interaction about the multinational corporation and the basic directions of interaction with transnational corporations should include (fig. 3.3 see.):

1. The basic directions of interaction which concern:

Choice and legislative registration of priority directions of development (seven directions of development indicated above, in our opinion, reflect directions of development of the world economy and base on had possibilities of the domestic industry);

Actions for formation of the domestic innovative centres (as already it was indicated above, in our opinion, perfection of innovative activity in the country should begin with a putting in order, inventories of innovative potential had in the country without what it is impossible to expect for effective interaction with transnational corporations).

2. Supplying directions of interaction which concern:

Practical realisation of the industrial policy directed on embedding of the state in the world economy on the basis of competitiveness of separate, priority branches (as shown in the beginning of this paragraph, action of the state for practical realisation of the chosen industrial policy directly influence mutual relations with transnational corporations);

Actions of the state support for attraction of transnational corporations in priority industries (at the chosen variant of an industrial policy interaction with transnational corporations should be under construction on a long-term basis, that in itself assumes formation and realisations during a life of the balanced, scientifically reasonable strategy of behaviour of the state with the transnational companies on base prioritetnosti the state interests).

<< | >>
A source: JArmanov Ilja Valerevich. WAYS of PERFECTION of the RUSSIAN EXPORT of HIGH TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS In the conditions of INTERNATIONALIZATION of SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LINKS. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Econ.Sci. Moscow -. 2004

More on topic 3.3. Model of the integrated system of technological development and possibility of its realisation in Russia:

  1. Model of integrated development of preschool children on an example of employment by English language at Children's school of arts
  2. 3.2 Organizational model realisation of the concept of a sustainable development of the company
  3. 1 ROLE OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITIES IN FORMATION OF CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL LEAD OF RUSSIA
  4. §2.6. System of preparation, acceptance and realisation of decisions as development system
  5. 3.1. Rather free use of products with possibility of realisation of set of exclusive rights
  6. 3.1 System model of management of innovative projects of development of the budgetary organisation
  7. vertically integrated model
  8. research of is constructive-technological decisions and central joints of two-zone envelopments from the integrated incomplete panels.
  9. § 1. Features of realisation of the right of an operational administration property legal bodies of system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
  10. 2.3 Methodical toolkit of construction of expert system for realisation of innovative projects of development
  11. 1.3. Foreign experience state regulation of a passenger transport of megacities and possibility its use in Russia
  12. 2.1. The American model of regulation of the vertically-integrated complexes of natural monopolies
  13. 3.1 Economic-mathematical model of a complex estimation of efficiency of the integrated formations
  14. 1.3. Development and formation of system of hypothecary crediting in modern Russia
  15. 4. The organizationalmodel of realisation of the concept of a sustainable development with application of elements of a control system by projects is developed and its expediency
  16. 3 STAGE. Definition of possibility price cut as a result Increases in volume of production and production realisation.
  17. 2.3. System of receipt of means in the budget of the European Union and possibility of its optimisation