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the General principles of orientation of production SEZ.

Orientation of production SEZ of China should be conducted according to following principles. 1) Conformity to a direction of development of world production. Development SEZ as "windows" of attraction of the foreign capital and high technology should be carried out under laws of development of world production.
In second half XX century for world production development transition from labour-consuming to capital-intensive, and then to tehnikoemkomu to type is characteristic. This process is accompanied by moving of production of the traditional industrial countries in new industrial and developing countries. SEZ China should develop in the same direction. 2) Conformity to the state and local plans for development of production. Orientation of production SEZ should meet the requirements "of Substantive provisions of development of production of the Peoples Republic of China in 90th" — to stimulate development of such industries, as electrotechnical, chemical, textile and power. With reference to various zones it is necessary to define not only industrial specialisation of each zone, but also sequence of development in it of other branches. 3) Definition of leading production. The leading productions established by the state or local plan should be basic productions SEZ. It not only supplies rendering by the state of essential support of leading enterprises, but also defines directions of an investment of foreign investments in SEZ. At an initial stage of creation SEZ the difficulties connected in attracting capital, frequently interfere with development of these zones. But as a result of systematic regulation with the course of time production SEZ is normalised. One of criteria of normalisation — existence of leading productions which are capable to stimulate development of production of all zone. 4) Aiming at updating and production escalation. Production structure it is necessary to improve constantly with allowance for a varying conjuncture of the world market. Approaches to realisation rational territorial placing and orientation of production SEZ. In our opinion, at realisation of territorial placing and orientation of production SEZ maintenance of legislative, administrative and economic measures is necessary. Let's consider the summary of each of named above measures. 1) Legislative measures are applied at nation-wide level and represent acceptance of the acts fixing general economic and legal status SEZ. They carry compulsory and rather stable character and are the basis for realisation of investment decisions SEZ. Now in the legislative in Peoples Republic of China legislative and other normative statements, concerning open zones, still there are no positions about model of geographical distribution of open zones or SEZ, and also questions of orientation of their production are poorly reflected. We consider, that it is necessary to create as early as possible such legislative base which should include main principles of geographical distribution SEZ, the characteristic of preferential system, an order of investment and transfer of the capital and have arrived abroad. These laws should not contradict the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, and also should meet the requirements of the international rules of creation SEZ. 2) Administrative measures — use of imperious authorities by the state for a regulation of system of the organisation and management SEZ. They are realised by acceptance obshegosudarst - vennymi and provincial (or local) bodies of subordinate legislations. Last should be stable, and at the same time flexible enough. Administrative management methods SEZ should consider necessarily specificity of various models of these complexes. During realisation of administrative measures on zone placing and orientation of production SEZ it is necessary to pay attention to following moments: these measures should answer the general principles of creation SEZ; the choice of specialisation of zones should correspond to the state plan of production and consider local conditions; the selected policy of development of production should save sequence and not vary under the influence of tactical fluctuations of investment activity of the foreign capital; at the heart of administrative measures in details developed rules should be put. 3) Economic measures include application of all economic levers of tax, credit, tariff character for regulation of placing SEZ and their productions. They represent the concrete form of realisation of the transferred above legislative and administrative measures. All three groups of measures (legislative, administrative and economic) should be mutually co-ordinated. It is expedient to entrust their coordination with special state body — to the Ministry or the State Committee.
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A source: Go Show-dzhi. FREE ECONOMIC ZONES AS the TOOL of MARKET TRANSFORMATION of ECONOMIC SYSTEM. ISSERTATSIJA on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Econ.Sci. St.-Petersburg.

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